作者：张海燕（北京交通大学语言与传播学院副教授、教授）、尹静（北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心副研究员、研究员）

汉字是中华文化的载体与表征。基于象形文字，历经几千年发展演变的汉字不仅是人们交流信息、传播智慧的工具，而且是中国人对经验世界认知的独特呈现，凝结了深邃的中华传统文化与哲思。在人类文字发展的长河中，中国古汉字展现出强大的生命力与活力，使其能够游刃有余、恰到好处地展露于现代生活：从服饰装扮、篆刻艺术到建筑设计、体育图标等。

北京2022年冬残奥会体育图标。新华社发

2022年北京冬奥会项目图标设计沿袭了2008年北京夏奥会项目图标的设计理念，充分利用了汉字中的篆刻、金文、剪纸等元素。在双奥“篆书之美”与“汉印”风格的图标中，汉字大放异彩，成功将其独特架构及哲学思想与人类对竞技体育的阐释在外形呈现、诗意联想、精神内涵三个维度达到完美融合。

北京2022年冬奥会体育图标。新华社发

外形统一

北京双奥图标有机融合了汉字线条架构与竞技运动的动态肢体，实现了外形呈现上的具象统一。在隶变为成熟的符号系统之前，汉字从甲骨文、金文发展演变到篆体，也逐渐从象形文字抽象为具有表现力的线条勾勒，使具有一定形象表意的文字平添了温润、柔媚、流畅的动感与节奏。

与此同时，人是竞技体育的主体，其肢体动作是构成运动变化的基本行为，而线条最能直观表现肢体动作的变化。运动中的速度、力量、动感等肢体特质，都可淋漓尽致地再现于篆体中的线条与图案，达到汉字线条结构与肢体动作呈现的完美结合。如2008年北京夏奥会的田径项目图标、跆拳道项目图标，2022年北京冬奥会的花样滑冰项目图标、高台跳雪项目图标。

诗意联想

古汉字具象呈现与诗意联想相统一的特质使得双奥篆体图标完美再现了体育运动的“文质”之美。儒家审美中有“质胜文则野，文胜质则史、文质彬彬，然后君子”的思想。文质彬彬强调外在的“文”与内在的“质”应达到和谐统一。就体育审美而言，竞技体育提倡“运动美、体型美、姿态美”等“文”美应与“心灵美、风格美、气质美”等“质”美达到和谐统一。按照黑格尔对美的自然美与艺术美划分，体育运动源于人类的生产生活实践，是一种外在的自然美，而人类赋予其审美内涵后，使其产生了内在艺术美。

兼具甲骨文、金文等文字特点的奥运篆体图标恰恰在“形”与“意”的和谐统一中实现了“文”“质”之美的融合。汉字的发展演变是具象与抽象达到高度统一的过程，即使在甲骨文时期，汉字也是对事物概括性很强的模拟书写。概括即抽象性类聚，这使得数量有限的汉字却产生了丰富的内容指涉与联想空间，在“形”与“意”的和谐统一中产生了抽象意义与诗意联想。这样，体育运动的文质之美就恰如其分地被兼有具象“形”美与抽象“意”美的汉字，淋漓尽致地呈现于众。如2008年北京夏奥会的自行车项目图标、赛艇项目图标、2022年北京冬奥会的冰壶项目图标、单板滑雪项目图标等。

精神相通

奥运图标中汉字结构所蕴含的哲学思想与奥林匹克运动精神高度契合。汉字结构上的对称均匀、中正平和、方正平稳的方块布局，体现了“形异”而“神合”、“和谐”且“中和”的儒家哲学思想，在体现“和”而“不同”的基础上，更凸显了“不同”而“和”的包容、和谐、求同存异思想内涵。如晏殊把“和”比作“刚柔清浊、急之徐之、抑之扬之”的和谐动听音乐，“和”便是在不同中创造出相同。

2月14日，中国选手苏翊鸣参加北京冬奥会单板滑雪男子大跳台资格赛。新华社发

此外，汉字结构形式多为上下、内外、左右，而上为阳、下为阴，左为阳、右为阴的组合技法，充分体现了阴阳、虚实、刚柔的对立统一思想，这种对立统一进一步体现了动态性的“和”。汉字结构所凝结的和谐、求同思想与现代奥林匹克精神所倡导的“友谊长久、团结一致、相互包容”从而达到多元文化共存、彼此认同的时代意蕴高度契合。在新冠病毒肆虐全球，疫情形势依然严峻的当下，具有“和合共生，不同而和”内涵的冬奥会“汉印”篆体图标更加昭示了“更团结”的现代奥林匹克精神格言。

北京双奥图标不仅展现了中国古汉字文化对体育运动在外形呈现、诗意联想、精神内涵维度的深刻解读，而且还突破了传统图标的设计风格，最大限度地有机统一了奥运图标的功能性与艺术性，受到国内外民众、专家、国际奥委会官员的高度认可与褒扬。双奥图标发行的官方性、规范性与国际性无疑对汉字文化的海外传播起到了巨大推动作用，而这种传播的根本原因在于汉字及其博大精深的文化是奥运图标设计取之不竭、用之不尽的灵感源泉，也使得古老的汉字依然灵动于飞速发展的现代社会，熠熠生辉。

编辑：马嘉悦

Based on hieroglyphics, Chinese characters, which have developed and evolved for thousands of years, are not only a tool for people to exchange information and spread wisdom, but also a unique presentation of Chinese people's cognition of the empirical world, condensing profound Chinese traditional culture and philosophy. In the long river of the development of human characters, Chinese ancient Chinese characters show strong vitality and vitality, so that they can be easily and properly exposed in modern life: from dress and costume, seal cutting art to architectural design, sports icons and so on. Beijing 2022 winter Paralympic Games sports icon. Xinhua News Agency issued that the icon design of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games project follows the design concept of the icon of the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games project, and makes full use of the elements such as seal cutting, gold inscription and paper cutting in Chinese characters. In the icons of "the beauty of seal script" and "Chinese seal" style of the Olympic Games, Chinese characters shine brightly, and successfully integrate their unique structure and philosophy with human interpretation of competitive sports in three dimensions: appearance presentation, poetic Association and spiritual connotation. Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics sports icon. Xinhua News Agency issued a unified appearance. The Beijing Double Olympics icon organically integrates the line structure of Chinese characters and the dynamic limbs of competitive sports, realizing the concrete unity of appearance presentation. Before Li became a mature symbol system, Chinese characters evolved from Oracle Bone Inscriptions and gold inscriptions to seal script, and gradually abstracted from hieroglyphs to expressive lines, adding a gentle, soft and smooth movement and rhythm to the characters with a certain image and meaning. At the same time, people are the main body of competitive sports, and their body movements are the basic behavior of sports changes, and the lines can intuitively show the changes of body movements. The speed, strength, movement and other body characteristics in sports can be vividly reproduced in the lines and patterns in the seal script, so as to achieve the perfect combination of the line structure of Chinese characters and the presentation of body movements. For example, the icons of track and field events and Taekwondo events of the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games, figure skating events and high platform snow jumping events of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Poetic association the unity of the concrete presentation of ancient Chinese characters and poetic association makes the double Olympic seal script icon perfectly reproduce the beauty of "literary quality" of sports. In Confucian aesthetics, there is the thought that "quality is better than literature, literature is wild, literature is better than quality, history, politeness, and then a gentleman". Wenzibinbin emphasizes that the external "Literature" and the internal "quality" should achieve harmony and unity. In terms of sports aesthetics, competitive sports advocate that "literary" beauty such as "sports beauty, body beauty and posture beauty" should be harmonious and unified with "qualitative" beauty such as "soul beauty, style beauty and temperament beauty". According to Hegel's division of natural beauty and artistic beauty of beauty, sports originates from human production and life practice and is an external natural beauty. After human beings give it aesthetic connotation, it produces internal artistic beauty. The Olympic seal script icon with the characteristics of oracle bone inscriptions, gold inscriptions and other characters just realizes the integration of the beauty of "Literature" and "quality" in the harmonious unity of "form" and "meaning". The development and evolution of Chinese characters is a highly unified process of concrete and abstract. Even in the period of oracle bone inscriptions, Chinese characters are also highly generalized simulated writing of things. Generalization is abstract clustering, which makes a limited number of Chinese characters produce rich content reference and association space, and produces abstract meaning and poetic Association in the harmonious unity of "form" and "meaning". In this way, the literary beauty of sports is appropriately presented to the public by Chinese characters with both concrete "shape" beauty and abstract "meaning" beauty. For example, the bicycle project icon, rowing project icon of the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games, the curling project icon and snowboarding project icon of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, etc. The philosophical thought contained in the Chinese character structure of the Olympic icon is highly consistent with the spirit of the Olympic movement. The symmetrical, even, peaceful and square square square layout in the structure of Chinese characters embodies the Confucian philosophy of "difference in form" and "unity of God", "harmony" and "Neutralization". On the basis of "harmony" and "difference", it highlights the ideological connotation of "difference" and "harmony" of tolerance, harmony and seeking common ground while reserving differences. For example, Yan Shu compared "harmony" to the harmonious and beautiful music of "hardness, softness and turbidity, urgency and restraint", and "harmony" is to create the same in different. On February 14, Chinese contestant Su Yiming participated in the men's big platform qualification of snowboarding in the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. In addition, Xinhua News Agency issued that the structural forms of Chinese characters are mostly up and down, inside and outside, left and right, while the upper is Yang, the lower is Yin, the left is Yang and the right is Yin, which fully reflects the thought of the unity of opposites of yin and Yang, virtual reality and hardness and softness. This unity of opposites further reflects the dynamic "harmony". The thought of harmony and seeking common ground condensed by the structure of Chinese characters is highly consistent with the era meaning of "long-term friendship, unity and mutual tolerance" advocated by the modern Olympic spirit, so as to achieve multicultural coexistence and mutual recognition. At a time when the novel coronavirus is rampant all over the world and the epidemic situation is still severe, the seal script icon of the Winter Olympic Games with the connotation of "harmony and symbiosis, difference and harmony" even more shows the modern Olympic spirit motto of "more unity". The Beijing Double Olympics icon not only shows the profound interpretation of Chinese ancient Chinese character culture on Sports in the dimensions of appearance presentation, poetic Association and spiritual connotation, but also breaks through the design style of traditional icons, organically unifies the functionality and artistry of Olympic icons to the greatest extent, and is highly recognized and praised by people, experts and IOC officials at home and abroad. The official, normative and international nature of the release of the Olympic icons has undoubtedly played a great role in promoting the overseas dissemination of Chinese character culture, and the fundamental reason for this dissemination is that Chinese characters and their broad and profound culture are the inexhaustible source of inspiration for the design and use of Olympic icons, which also makes the ancient Chinese characters still flexible and shining in the rapidly developing modern society. Editor: Ma Jiayue