《中国民间工艺集成》

■潘鲁生（中国文联副主席、中国民协主席）

民间文艺工作者是田野采风者，乡村与田野是工作的主要方向。当今社会整合好民间文化，让乡村手艺成为丰富节日文化生活的纽带，有助于传承好中华优秀传统文化。中国民间文艺家协会正在实施的两大工程，即《中国民间文学大系》出版工程和《中国民间工艺集成》两大工程，都是在文化资源层面进行征集汇编，同时也想在资源整合过程当中进行创造性转化，从而服务乡村文化振兴事业的发展。

2011年1月，“手艺农村——山东农村文化产业调研成果展”在中国美术馆举办

2022年2月，“到民间去——潘鲁生民艺展”在中国国家博物馆展出

乡村特色文化产业是朝阳产业，它为国家传统文化的传承发展，为保护好我们的文化基因，特别是民间文化的种子发挥着积极作用。同时，它也为文化产业发展提供了良好的文化语境。如何把乡村传统文化资源带入到当代社会，服务于美好生活建设。这样的工作是非常有价值的。我们团队这几年的调研有成果，也有困惑，同时我感觉这也是一种非常值得期待的尝试。

山东临沂郯城杞柳编织工艺

广西昭平传统竹编工艺

十几年前，我就开始关注“手艺农村”这样一种特色文化产业，也做过深入的调研。从调研结果来看，第一，乡村文化产业人才培养是一个值得注意的问题，在资源富集的村落欠缺的是高层次人才。因此，我们呼吁高等艺术院校设计专业师生利用他们的知识储备，介入到乡村文化产业系统中去，围绕生活需求设计研发新产品。乡村持有手艺技能的人才很多，像掌握手工编织、刺绣等行业技术人员不少，但是能够做到转换、创意、设计的人才十分缺乏。要想获得持续发展的产业系统，需要有高端设计人才把乡村手工业的各个链条整合完善起来，形成市场所需求的文创产品、农副产品转型。技术加设计这一块是目前最为短缺的方面。

山东工艺美术学院团队对高密木版年画进行延展设计

第二，乡村特色文化产业还存在一个碎片化的问题。目前来看，小型家庭作坊式的生产模式是主流，难以有成规模、集群式的发展，也不易形成品牌。这就需要我们健全特色文化产业合作社等行业组织，形成合作互助的生产模式。城市中的工艺美术行业有行业协会。但民间的乡村手工艺容易被忽视，需要联社组织把农户组织好，从现代产业运营理念进行产品设计、研发、营销，提高发展产能和经营效益。

第三，乡村文化特色产业服务机制需要加强。现在大学生村官、第一书记这些措施做得都非常好，在乡村治理这个层面发挥了很大的作用，但是乡村文化产业也急需专门人才，需要设计师以及有文化产业管理创新能力的人才加入。如果能够从服务机制上理顺观念，可以有效提升产业经营理念，也提升整体发展水平。

2021年，山东工艺美术学院“手造集市”上的师生的文创设计作品

这几年调研当中，我们也看到不少农户在乡村特色文化产业发展过程中，仍然处于打工的状态，没有成为文化产业发展的主体，他们没有成为最大的受益者。这就需要更多的资本、公益团体去关注乡村处于产业链下游的老百姓经营及收益状况，去提升他们创新发展的能力。这是一个亟需破解的难题。同时，也应该破除乡村特色文化产业当中一个发展的瓶颈和壁垒，从根本上增强乡村民众适应当代文化和生产发展的能力。如果他们接触新的东西快，掌握新的技能快，适应市场运作快，那么就容易形成乡村文化产业集群，让更多的农户从中受益。我想，我们应该建立这样的人才梯队，使我们文化产业真正地有持续发展的动力，解决内生动力问题。

我想乡村振兴，文化振兴是非常关键的。如今，一批带有共同价值的乡土景观规划带、田园共同体……正在崛起。前一段，我到青岛西海岸新区调研，他们当地创新了“乡村会客厅”场馆建设，把乡村旅游和乡村文化客厅有机地结合起来。这样一种文化的设施、文化的复建和文化产品的推广，做到了整体的协调统筹。

2021年2月，调研青岛西海岸乡村会客厅

调研广西北海古街民居建筑

乡村的耕读文化、乡土民情、乡村记忆还有以乡村为主题的乡土博物馆，应运而生。我这几年调研过的云南、贵州、四川、湖北、湖南等地，也包括民族地区，都开始做乡土博物馆。我想这类博物馆的建成，一方面可以满足旅游消费，激活人们的乡愁情感和乡土文化记忆；另一方面，一些有价值的传统村落包括民居、宅居、文化大院等文化景观也得到了充分的利用。

现在国家出台了《关于加强传统村落保护发展工作的指导意见》，各地颁布了《传统村落保护条例》，相关政府职能部门做了很多这方面的工作，一些传统村落得到了保护。这一政策指导下，政府主导，专家参与，最终要受益的应该是村民。很多专家学者也在积极地参与传统村落保护工作，希望真正让人们感受到传统乡村文化的魅力，享受文化资源带来的幸福生活，这一块也是非常重要的。

山东工艺美术学院团队基于高密“泥叫虎”再设计的“尼尼虎”IP形象

乡村有很多传统节日、庙会、市集，也有与二十四节气相关的民俗活动，其中蕴含着生存的智慧和人文的关怀，要把这些文化记忆激发出来，使其重新焕发活力。传统节日中辅助性的民俗活动丰富多彩，围绕这些文化符号研发成系列的创意产品，也能够带来多重效益。

现在循环农业、创意农业、体验农业、田园综合体，都是方兴未艾的新业态模式。在这样一个大家都向往美丽乡村的时代环境下，利用乡村文化资源发展文创产业，能够使其真正变成我们的文化财富。

责任编辑：

Pan Lusheng (vice chairman of the China Federation of literary and art circles and chairman of the China Association for democracy and people's livelihood) folk artists are field collectors, and villages and fields are the main direction of work. In today's society, the integration of folk culture and rural crafts has become a link to enrich the cultural life of festivals, which will help to inherit the excellent Chinese traditional culture. At the same time, the collection of Chinese folk literature is being implemented at the level of the integration of Chinese folk literature resources. January 2011, & ldquo; Craft Countryside & mdash& mdash; Shandong rural cultural industry research achievement exhibition & rdquo; Held at the China Art Museum in February 2022, & ldquo; Go to the people & mdash& mdash; Pan Lu Sheng min Art Exhibition & rdquo; The rural characteristic cultural industry exhibited in the National Museum of China is a sunrise industry. It plays a positive role in the inheritance and development of national traditional culture and the protection of our cultural genes, especially the seeds of folk culture. At the same time, it also provides a good cultural context for the development of cultural industry. How to bring rural traditional cultural resources into contemporary society and serve the construction of a better life. Such work is very valuable. Our team's research in recent years has yielded results and confusion. At the same time, I feel that this is also a very promising attempt. Shandong Linyi Tancheng Qi Liu weaving craft Guangxi Zhaoping traditional bamboo weaving craft more than ten years ago, I began to pay attention to & ldquo; Craft Countryside & rdquo; Such a characteristic cultural industry has also done in-depth research. From the survey results, first, the talent training of rural cultural industry is a noteworthy problem. What is lacking in resource rich villages is high-level talents. Therefore, we call on teachers and students majoring in design in art colleges and universities to use their knowledge reserves to intervene in the rural cultural industry system and design and develop new products around the needs of life. There are many talents with technical skills in rural areas, such as many technicians who master manual weaving, embroidery and other industries, but there is a lack of talents who can achieve transformation, creativity and design. In order to obtain a sustainable industrial system, we need high-end design talents to integrate and improve the various chains of rural handicraft industry and form the transformation of cultural and creative products and agricultural and sideline products required by the market. Technology plus design is the most scarce aspect at present. The team of Shandong Academy of Arts and crafts extended the design of Gaomi wood engraving New Year pictures. Second, there is still a problem of fragmentation in the cultural industry with rural characteristics. At present, the production mode of small family workshop is the mainstream, which is difficult to have large-scale and cluster development, and it is not easy to form a brand. This requires us to improve industrial organizations such as characteristic cultural industry cooperatives and form a production mode of cooperation and mutual assistance. There are industry associations in the arts and crafts industry in the city. However, folk rural handicrafts are easy to be ignored. It is necessary to organize farmers well, carry out product design, R & D and marketing from the concept of modern industrial operation, and improve the development capacity and operating efficiency. Third, the service mechanism of rural cultural characteristic industries needs to be strengthened. Now college student village officials and the first secretary have done very well and played a great role in rural governance. However, the rural cultural industry is also in urgent need of specialized talents, designers and talents with the ability of cultural industry management innovation. If we can straighten out the concept from the service mechanism, we can effectively improve the industrial management concept and the overall development level. In 2021, Shandong Academy of Arts and crafts & ldquo; Handmade bazaar & rdquo; During the investigation of the cultural and creative design works of teachers and students in recent years, we also see that many farmers are still working in the process of the development of rural characteristic cultural industry, have not become the main body of the development of cultural industry, and they have not become the biggest beneficiaries. This requires more capital and public welfare groups to pay attention to the operation and income status of rural people downstream of the industrial chain, so as to improve their ability of innovation and development. This is a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently. At the same time, we should also break through a bottleneck and barrier in the development of rural characteristic cultural industry, and fundamentally enhance the ability of rural people to adapt to contemporary culture and production development. If they contact new things quickly, master new skills quickly and adapt to market operation quickly, it is easy to form rural cultural industry clusters, which will benefit more farmers. I think we should establish such a talent echelon, so that our cultural industry can really have the driving force for sustainable development and solve the problem of endogenous driving force. I think Rural Revitalization and cultural revitalization are very key. Nowadays, a group of rural landscape planning belts and pastoral communities with common values & hellip& hellip; Is rising. A while ago, I went to the West Coast new area of Qingdao to investigate, and they made local innovations & ldquo; Rural reception hall & rdquo; The construction of venues organically combines rural tourism with rural cultural living rooms. Such cultural facilities, cultural reconstruction and promotion of cultural products have achieved overall coordination. In February 2021, we investigated the reception hall in the west coast of Qingdao, investigated the residential buildings in Beihai ancient street, Guangxi, investigated the farming and reading culture, local people's feelings, rural memory, and the local museum with the theme of countryside, which came into being. Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and other places I have investigated in recent years, including ethnic minority areas, have begun to make local museums. I think the completion of such museums, on the one hand, can meet tourism consumption and activate people's nostalgia and local cultural memory; On the other hand, some valuable traditional villages, including folk houses, houses, cultural courtyards and other cultural landscapes, have also been fully utilized. Now the state has issued the guiding opinions on strengthening the protection and development of traditional villages, and all localities have promulgated the regulations on the protection of traditional villages. Relevant government functional departments have done a lot of work in this regard, and some traditional villages have been protected. Under the guidance of this policy, the villagers should ultimately benefit from the guidance of the government and the participation of experts. Many experts and scholars are also actively participating in the protection of traditional villages, hoping to really let people feel the charm of traditional rural culture and enjoy the happy life brought by cultural resources. This is also very important. The team of Shandong Academy of Arts and crafts is based on Gaomi & ldquo; Mud is called Tiger & rdquo; Redesigned & ldquo; Nini Tiger & rdquo; IP image village has many traditional festivals, temple fairs, markets, as well as folk activities related to the 24 solar terms, which contains the wisdom of survival and humanistic care. We should stimulate these cultural memories and revitalize them. The auxiliary folk activities in traditional festivals are rich and colorful. Developing a series of creative products around these cultural symbols can also bring multiple benefits. Now circular agriculture, creative agriculture, experience agriculture and pastoral complex are all new business models in the ascendant. In this era, we can make use of rural cultural resources to create a beautiful cultural environment and make everyone yearn for the real development of rural culture. Responsible editor: