亨德里克.霍尔齐厄斯Goltzius, Hendrick（1558年1月——1617年1月1日），德国画家、雕刻师。
Goltzius附近出生Venlo在Bracht或Millebrecht,然后在一个村庄j公国直辖市,现在Bruggen在北莱茵-威斯特法伦州。他的家人搬到杜伊斯堡当他3岁。学习绘画玻璃多年后他的父亲,他从荷兰学者学习雕刻Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert然后住在克利夫斯。1577年,他与Coornhert移动哈勒姆在荷兰共和国,他仍然基于自己的余生。在同一个城市,他也被采用菲利普·加勒雕刻一组输出的历史蒂利.
Goltzius有畸形的右手从火在他还是一个婴儿的时候,(他画的下面),这是特别适合的雕刻刀;“被迫与他的手臂和肩膀的肌肉,他掌握了一个指挥的线”。
在1580年代,与他的朋友Goltzius van曼德和画家Cornelis van哈勒姆,成立了一个艺术学院在哈勒姆仿真的法国和博洛尼亚,那里的人可以从生活和学习为艺术家提供一个会场讨论实践和美学。
21岁的他娶了一个寡妇有些年老的,谁的钱使他建立一个独立的业务在哈勒姆;但是他不愉快的与她的关系影响了他的健康,他在1590年发现,明智的旅行德国来意大利,在那里他获得了强烈的赞赏的作品米开朗基罗。他回到哈勒姆在1591年8月,大大改善健康和在那里工作,直到他去世。
他的画像,虽然大多微缩模型,是同类的杰作,因精湛的完成,和个性的精细研究。他的大脑袋,真人大小的自画像可能是最明显的例子。
Goltzius带来前所未有的水平的使用“肿胀线”,雕刻刀在哪里操作线厚或薄创建一个从远处色调效果。他也是“点和菱形”技术的先驱者,点在哪里放置在中间的菱形形状的空间由交叉影线,进一步完善色调阴影。
Hollstein学分388打印给,574被其他版画复制匠在他的设计。
在他命令的雕刻刀,据说Goltzius对手杜勒。他雕刻的Bartholomeus跳绘画,从而增加后者的名声——和他自己的。Goltzius开始绘画42岁时,他的一些作品可以在维也纳找到。他也执行一些明暗对比的木刻版画。他是雕刻师的继父雅各Matham。他去世,享年58岁哈勒姆.
Goltzius was born near Venlo in Bracht or Millebrecht, a village then in the Duchy of Julich, now in the municipality Brüggen in North Rhine-Westphalia. His family moved to Duisburg when he was 3 years old. After studying painting on glass for some years under his father, he learned engraving from the Dutch polymath Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert, who then lived in Cleves. In 1577 he moved with Coornhert to Haarlem in the Dutch Republic, where he remained based for the rest of his life. In the same town, he was also employed by Philip Galle to engrave a set of prints of the history of Lucretia.
Goltzius had a malformed right hand from a fire when he was a baby (his drawing of it is below), which turned out to be especially well-suited to holding the burin; "by being forced to draw with the large muscles of his arm and shoulder, he mastered a commanding swing of line".
In the 1580s, Goltzius with his friends van Mander and the painter Cornelis van Haarlem, founded an art academy in Haarlem in emulation of those in France and Bologna, where the human figure could be studied from life and to provide a meeting-place for artists to discuss both practice and aesthetics.
At the age of 21 he married a widow somewhat advanced in years, whose money enabled him to establish an independent business at Haarlem; but his unpleasant relations with her so affected his health that he found it advisable in 1590 to make a tour through Germanyto Italy, where he acquired an intense admiration for the works of Michelangelo. He returned to Haarlem in August 1591, considerably improved in health, and worked there until his death.
His portraits, though mostly miniatures, are masterpieces of their kind, both on account of their exquisite finish, and as fine studies of individual character. Of his larger heads, his life-size self-portrait is probably the most striking example.
Goltzius brought to an unprecedented level the use of the "swelling line", where the burin is manipulated to make lines thicker or thinner to create a tonal effect from a distance. He also was a pioneer of "dot and lozenge" technique, where dots are placed in the middle of lozenge shaped spaces created by cross-hatching to further refine tonal shading.
Hollstein credits 388 prints to him, with a further 574 by other printmakers after his designs.
In his command of the burin, Goltzius is said to rival Dürer. He made engravings of Bartholomeus Spranger's paintings, thus increasing the fame of the latter – and his own. Goltzius began painting at the age of forty-two; some of his paintings can be found in Vienna. He also executed a few chiaroscuro woodcuts. He was the stepfather of engraver Jacob Matham. He died, aged 58, in Haarlem.
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