保罗·克利Paul Klee(1879年12月18日——1940年6月29日),瑞士艺术家。
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保罗·克利出生于明兴布赫塞,瑞士,德国作为音乐老师汉斯·威廉·克利(1849至1940年)和瑞士的歌手玛丽·艾达克利,娘家姓弗里克(1855年至1921年)的第二个孩子。[A]他的妹妹玛蒂尔德(6死于1953年12月)的出生于1876年1月28日Walzenhausen的。他们的父亲是从哪里来的坦恩和就读于斯图加特音乐学院歌唱,钢琴,电子琴和小提琴,会议还有他未来的妻子艾达·弗里克。汉斯·威廉·克利是活跃在伯尔尼州学院的音乐老师Hofwil伯尔尼附近,直到1931年克利能够开发出他的音乐技巧,他的父母鼓舞和激励他,直到他去世。 1880年,他的家人搬到伯尔尼,在那里他们居住的许多变化成一所房子经过17年后搬到Kirchenfeld区。[6]从1886年到1890年,克利在参观了小学和接收,在7岁的时候,小提琴班市音乐学校。他是上,11岁的他接到邀请发挥伯尔尼音乐协会的成员非凡的小提琴太有才了。
早年,跟随他的父母的愿望,克利致力于成为一个音乐家; 但他决定对视觉艺术在他的青少年时期,一方面出于叛逆和部分原因是认为现代音乐缺乏意味着他。他说,“我没有发现将在音乐创造性鉴于音乐成就历史上的下降特别有吸引力的想法。” 作为一个音乐家,他演奏了,觉得感情上绑定到传统作品十八和十九世纪,但作为一个艺术家,他渴望自由探索激进思想和风格。十六岁时,克利的景观图纸已经显示出相当的技巧。
1897年左右,开始克利他的日记中,他一直保持到1918年,并已提供学者有价值的洞察他的生活和思想。在他的学校里,他如饥似渴地画在他的教科书,尤其是绘画漫画,并已显示出与线和体积的技能。他勉强通过了他的期末考试在伯尔尼,他在资格的“无印良品” 人文。以他特有的机智干,他写道,“毕竟,这是相当难以实现精确的最小值,它涉及到的风险。” 在他自己的时间,除了他在音乐和艺术有浓厚的兴趣,克利是文学的一个伟大的读者,后来就一个作家的艺术理论和美学。
与他的父母不愿同意,于1898年开始克利在学习艺术美术学院在慕尼黑与海因里希Knirr和弗朗茨冯卡住。他擅长绘画,但似乎没有任何自然的色彩感。他后来回忆说,“在第三个冬天我甚至意识到我可能永远学画画。” 在青春冒险的时代,克利花了很多时间在酒吧和有外遇低阶层的妇女和艺术家的车型。他在1900年的私生子出生谁后死亡几个星期。
接受他的美术学位后,克利前往意大利从1901年十月至五月1902年与朋友赫尔曼·哈勒。他们住在罗马,佛罗伦萨和那不勒斯,并研究了过去几个世纪的绘画大师。他感叹道,“该论坛和梵蒂冈都对我说过,人本想闷死我了。” 他回答到意大利的颜色,但可悲的是指出,“一个长期的斗争在于商店我的色彩这个领域。” 对于克利,颜色所代表的乐观和艺术贵族,并从悲观的性质,他在他的黑色和白色畸人和讽刺表达了救济的希望。[返回伯尔尼,他与他的父母好几年了,并把偶尔的艺术课。到1905年,他开发一些实验技术,包括在玻璃上的熏黑面板针绘图,造成57作品,包括他的肖像我父(1906)。在几年1903-5他也完成了十一锌板循环蚀刻叫发明,他的第一次展出的作品中,他表示一些怪诞的人物。他说:“虽然我很满意我的版画,我不能再这样下去了,我不是专家。”克利还在除以他的时间与音乐,演奏小提琴的管弦乐团和写作音乐会和戏剧评论。
Paul Kerry was born in Bucharest, Mingxing, Switzerland. As music teacher Hans William Kerry (1849-1940) and singer Mary adakley of Switzerland, Paul Kerry was the second child of Frick (1855-1921). [a] his sister Mathilde (6 died in December 1953) was born in Walzenhausen on January 28, 1876. Where did their father come from, Tann and Ida Frick, who studied singing, piano, electronic piano and violin at the Stuttgart Conservatory of music, the conference and his future wife. Hans William Kerry was an active music teacher at Bern State College, near hoffil Berne. Until 1931, Kerry was able to develop his music skills. His parents encouraged and encouraged him until his death. In 1880, his family moved to Bern, where many of the changes they lived in became a house and moved to kirchenfeld district after 17 years. [6] from 1886 to 1890, Kerry visited the primary school and received music. At the age of 7, he was in the violin class city music school. He was last, and at the age of 11, he was invited to play the extraordinary violin of the Berne Music Association.
In his early years, following his parents' wishes, Kerry devoted himself to becoming a musician; but he decided that in his youth, visual art meant him partly because of rebellion and partly because of the lack of modern music. "I didn't find the idea that would be particularly attractive in terms of musical creativity given the historical decline in musical achievement," he said As a musician, he played, feeling emotionally bound to traditional works in the 18th and 19th centuries, but as an artist, he was eager to explore radical ideas and styles freely. By the age of 16, Kerry's landscape drawings had shown considerable skill.
In 1897 or so, he began to keep his diary until 1918, and has provided scholars with valuable insight into his life and thoughts. In his school, he hungrily painted in his textbooks, especially in drawing comics, and has shown skill with lines and volumes. He barely passed his final exam in Bern, where he qualified for the "Muji good" humanities. With his unique ingenuity, he wrote, "after all, it is quite difficult to achieve an accurate minimum, which involves risks." In his own time, in addition to his strong interest in music and art, Kerry is a great reader of literature, and later a writer's art theory and aesthetics.
Unwilling to agree with his parents, Kerry began studying at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich in 1898, stuck with Heinrich knirr and Franz von. He is good at painting, but he doesn't seem to have any natural sense of color. He later recalled, "in the third winter I even realized that I might learn to draw forever." In the age of youth adventure, Kerry spent a lot of time in bars and cars with low-class women and artists who had affairs. He died a few weeks after the birth of his illegitimate son in 1900.
After receiving his art degree, Kerry went to Italy from October to may 1901 to meet his friend Herman Halle. They lived in Rome, Florence and Naples, and studied painters of the past few centuries. He exclaimed, "the forum and the Vatican have told me that people want to suffocate me." He replied to the Italian color, but sadly pointed out that "a long struggle lies in the store of my color in this field." For Kerry, color represents the optimistic and artistic aristocracy, and from the pessimistic nature, he expresses the hope of relief in his black and white grotesque and satire. [back in Bern, he worked with his parents for several years and took occasional art classes. By 1905, he developed a number of experimental techniques, including the drawing of blackened panel needles on glass, resulting in 57 works, including his portrait of my father (1906). In 1903-5, he also completed the cycle etching of 11 zinc plates called invention. In his first exhibition, he expressed some strange characters. "Although I'm very satisfied with my prints, I can't go on like this, I'm not an expert," he said Kerry is also dividing his time with music, playing violin orchestras and writing concerts and drama reviews.
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