亨利·卢梭Henri Rousseau（1844年5月21日——1910年9月2日），法国画家。
卢梭出生于拉瓦尔，法国，在1844年进入家庭水管工的; 他被迫作为一个小男孩那里工作。他出席了拉瓦尔高中作为一天的学生，然后作为一个寄宿生，他的父亲成为债务人和他的父母在他们的房子扣押离开镇。虽然平庸在他的一些高中科目，卢梭赢得了绘画和音乐奖。高中毕业后，他就职于一家律师和学习法律，但“未遂的小伪证和在军队中寻求庇护。” 他担任四年，于1863年与他的父亲的死亡开始，卢梭搬到巴黎1868年支持他的寡母作为政府雇员。1868年，他娶了克莱Boitard，其业主的15岁的女儿，与他有六个孩子（仅一人幸存）。1871年，他被任命为的集货物入市巴黎，在进入巴黎货物收税。他的妻子于1888年去世，他于1898年娶了约瑟芬Noury他开始四十出头认真画; 49岁时，他从他的工作退休对他的艺术的全职工作。
卢梭声称，他“并不比其他性质的老师”，不过，他承认他从两大国收到“一些建议” 学术画家，费利克斯·奥古斯特·克莱门特和让-莱昂杰罗姆。从本质上讲，他是自学成才而被认为是一个天真或原始的画家。
他最著名的画作描绘的丛林场景，尽管他从来没有离开过法国或看到了丛林。由崇拜者，他的军队服务，包括传播故事的法国远征军墨西哥是没有根据的。他的灵感来自于儿童书籍插图而在植物园巴黎，以及动物标本野生动物的舞台造型。他有他的谁幸存的法国探险队去墨西哥任职期间还会见了兵，他听取了他们，他们曾遇到亚热带国家的故事。要评论家阿瑟·亚历山大，他形容他的频繁互访植物园：“当我进入玻璃房子，我看到异国的奇怪的植物，在我看来，我进入一个梦想。”
随着他的异国情调的场景出现了城市和郊区的小地形图像并行输出。
他声称发明了一个新的流派纵向横向，他通过启动特定视图，一幅画实现，如一个城市的最喜欢的部分，然后描绘在前台的人。
卢梭的平，看似幼稚的风格是由许多批评家贬低; 人们往往被他的作品感到震惊或嘲笑它。他的天真是极端的，他总是渴望，徒劳的，常规的验收。许多观察家评论说，他画的像一个孩子，但工作显示了他的特殊的技术复杂性。
从1886年开始，他在展出定期独立沙龙，而且，虽然他的工作没有放在显着位置，它吸引了越来越多之后，多年来，在热带风暴虎（惊讶！）在1891年展出，而卢梭收到他的第一认真的审查，当年轻的艺术家费利克斯·瓦洛写道：“他的奇虎猎物不应该错过的，它是α和绘画的欧米茄”。然而，这是十多年以前卢梭回到了他的描绘丛林的看法。
1893年，卢梭搬到了一个工作室蒙帕纳斯他住的地方，并在1910年工作，直到他去世 1897年，他制作了他最著名的画作之一，拉Bohémienneendormie（沉睡的吉普赛人）。
1905年，卢梭的大丛林场景饥饿的狮子抛出本身的羚羊被年轻的引领前卫艺术家，如在附近的作品独立沙龙展出亨利·马蒂斯，在现在看作是第一次展出的野兽派。卢梭的画，甚至有可能影响了野兽派的命名。
1907年，他被委托艺术家罗伯特·德劳内的母亲，馥，伯爵夫人德劳内，画耍蛇人。
当毕加索偶然发现一幅画卢梭在大街上被出售的被涂在画布上，年轻的艺术家立刻认出卢梭的天才，去迎接他。1908年，毕加索在他的工作室举行了半认真，半滑稽宴会洗濯船在卢梭的荣誉。乐宴会卢梭，“二十世纪最引人注目的社会事件之一，写道：”美国诗人和文学评论家约翰·马尔科姆Brinnin，“既不是一个狂欢的场合甚至也不是一个华丽的之一，其后续成名的事实，它是在该运动最早成功的一个点一个革命性的艺术运动中的一个多彩的发生增长，从事实由个人单独的辐射影响整个一样的艺术世界几代人的创意灯辐条参加。“
在客人的宴会卢梭包括：纪尧姆阿波利奈尔，让梅青格尔，胡安·格里斯，马克斯雅各布，玛丽Laurencin，萨尔蒙，莫里斯·雷纳尔，丹尼尔-亨利Kahnweiler，狮子座斯坦和格特鲁德·斯泰因。
莫里斯·雷纳尔，在莱斯Soires巴黎，1914年1月15日，第 69，写了一篇关于“乐宴会卢梭。” 年后法国作家萨尔蒙回顾了杰出宴会的设置：
Rousseau was born in Laval, France, in 1844 into the family of a plumber; he was forced to work there as a small boy.He attended Laval High School as a day student and then as a boarder, after his father became a debtor and his parents had to leave the town upon the seizure of their house. Though mediocre in some of his high school subjects, Rousseau won prizes for drawing and music.After high school, he worked for a lawyer and studied law, but "attempted a small perjury and sought refuge in the army."He served four years, starting in 1863. With his father's death, Rousseau moved to Paris in 1868 to support his widowed mother as a government employee. In 1868, he married Clémence Boitard, his landlord's 15-year-old daughter, with whom he had six children (only one survived). In 1871, he was appointed as a collector of the octroi of Paris, collecting taxes on goods entering Paris. His wife died in 1888 and he married Josephine Noury in 1898. He started painting seriously in his early forties; by age 49, he retired from his job to work on his art full-time
Rousseau claimed he had "no teacher other than nature", although he admitted he had received "some advice" from two established Academic painters, Félix Auguste Clément and Jean-Léon Gérôme.Essentially, he was self-taught and is considered to be a naïve or primitive painter.
His best-known paintings depict jungle scenes, even though he never left France or saw a jungle. Stories spread by admirers that his army service included the French expeditionary force to Mexico are unfounded. His inspiration came from illustrations in children's books and the botanical gardens in Paris, as well as tableaux of taxidermy wild animals. He had also met soldiers during his term of service who had survived the French expedition to Mexico, and he listened to their stories of the subtropical country they had encountered. To the critic Arsène Alexandre, he described his frequent visits to the Jardin des Plantes: "When I go into the glass houses and I see the strange plants of exotic lands, it seems to me that I enter into a dream."
Along with his exotic scenes there was a concurrent output of smaller topographical images of the city and its suburbs.
He claimed to have invented a new genre of portrait landscape, which he achieved by starting a painting with a specific view, such as a favourite part of the city, and then depicting a person in the foreground.
Rousseau's flat, seemingly childish style was disparaged by many critics; people often were shocked by his work or ridiculed it. His ingenuousness was extreme, and he always aspired, in vain, to conventional acceptance. Many observers commented that he painted like a child, but the work shows sophistication with his particular technique.
From 1886, he exhibited regularly in the Salon des Indépendants, and, although his work was not placed prominently, it drew an increasing following over the years. Tiger in a Tropical Storm (Surprised!) was exhibited in 1891, and Rousseau received his first serious review, when the young artist Félix Vallottonwrote: "His tiger surprising its prey ought not to be missed; it's the alpha and omega of painting." Yet it was more than a decade before Rousseau returned to depicting his vision of jungles.
In 1893, Rousseau moved to a studio in Montparnasse where he lived and worked until his death in 1910.[13]In 1897, he produced one of his most famous paintings, La Bohémienne endormie (The Sleeping Gypsy).
In 1905, Rousseau's large jungle scene The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope was exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants near works by younger leading avant-garde artists such as Henri Matisse, in what is now seen as the first showing of The Fauves. Rousseau's painting may even have influenced the naming of the Fauves.
In 1907, he was commissioned by artist Robert Delaunay's mother, Berthe, Comtesse de Delaunay, to paint The Snake Charmer.
When Pablo Picasso happened upon a painting by Rousseau being sold on the street as a canvas to be painted over, the younger artist instantly recognised Rousseau's genius and went to meet him. In 1908, Picasso held a half serious, half burlesque banquet in his studio at Le Bateau-Lavoir in Rousseau's honour.Le Banquet Rousseau, "one of the most notable social events of the twentieth century," wrote American poet and literary criticJohn Malcolm Brinnin, "was neither an orgiastic occasion nor even an opulent one. Its subsequent fame grew from the fact that it was a colorful happening within a revolutionary art movement at a point of that movement's earliest success, and from the fact that it was attended by individuals whose separate influences radiated like spokes of creative light across the art world for generations."
Guests at the banquet Rousseau included: Guillaume Apollinaire, Jean Metzinger, Juan Gris, Max Jacob, Marie Laurencin, André Salmon, Maurice Raynal, Daniel-Henri Kahnweiler, Leo Stein, and Gertrude Stein.
Maurice Raynal, in Les Soires de Paris, 15 January 1914, p. 69, wrote about "Le Banquet Rousseau". Years later the French writer André Salmon recalled the setting of the illustrious banquet:
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