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泰奥多尔·夏塞里奥Théodore Chasseriau

( 浪漫主义画家 )

泰奥多尔·夏塞里奥 (1819年9月20日–1856年10月8日)是一位法国 浪漫主义 画家。他的 肖像画 ,历史和宗教画,寓言壁画,和 东方 图像的灵感来自于他的 阿尔及利亚旅行

  • 中文名泰奥多尔·夏塞里奥
  • 外文名Théodore Chasseriau
  • 性别
  • 国籍法国
  • 出生日期1819年9月20日
  • 逝世日期1856年10月8日
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中文介绍

夏塞里奥出生于中美洲多米尼加东北部的萨马纳,父亲是当时法属殖民地的官员,母亲是当地克里奥尔人。1821年全家移居巴黎,夏塞里奥显示出绘画的才能。1830年仅11岁的夏塞里奥就被安格尔的画室接纳为学生,学习安格尔的古典主义画派绘画,安格尔非常欣赏他的才华,曾说:“这个孩子会成为绘画界的拿破伦”。1834年,安格尔离开法国到罗马担任法兰西学院的院长,夏塞里奥受到德拉克罗瓦的影响,德拉克罗瓦使用颜色的方式曾使安格尔感到非常厌恶,夏塞里奥一直试图将安格尔的古典主义风格和德拉克罗瓦的浪漫主义颜色调和起来。1836年,他第一次在巴黎的沙龙中展出自己的作品,获得三等奖。1840年,夏塞里奥去罗马见到安格尔,安格尔对自己学生风格的转变很不满,因此导致两人关系决裂。1846年,他曾到阿尔及利亚旅行,后来由于他健康状况恶化,又承接了为教堂画壁画的繁重工作,终于体力不支在巴黎逝世,年仅37岁。
 
画家介绍夏塞里奥是安格尔的崇拜者,但具有一颗浪漫主义的灵魂。在色彩方面,他早就致力于对德拉克洛瓦的作品的研究。夏塞里奥在绘事上初露头角就一鸣惊人。他的发轫之作《马里内的维纳斯》(现藏巴黎卢浮宫)和《在阿巴苏鲁斯前面昏倒的埃塞尔》,在沙龙上出现时,一度引起同时代人的兴趣,赞叹他既有德拉克洛瓦的那种诗与文学味,也具有他的老师所显示的那种优美高雅的格调。夏塞里奥喜好作一些富有幻想性的神话题材的油画,《阿波罗与达芙妮》是他于1844年时完成的一套石版画和铜版画中再构思而成的油画小品。《阿波罗与达芙妮》是夏塞里奥的一幅名作,这件作品典型地反映出夏塞里奥的浪漫主义热情和绘画风格。画面热烈奔放的色彩、官能性的形象表现,画家让画中的神话故事离你很近很近。作品取材于希腊神话故事,阿波罗是希腊神话中的太阳神,达芙妮是河神的女儿。长着翅膀的爱神丘比特为了复仇,将爱情之箭射中了阿波罗,又将另一支拒绝爱情的箭射中了达芙妮。被爱情之箭射中的阿波罗,心中爱情之火燃烧,他疯狂地去追求美丽的河神之女达芙妮,而达芙妮却冷若冰霜,竭力地躲避阿波罗,并恳求众神帮助她摆脱这没有爱的追逐。众神答应帮助她,让她在接触到阿波罗时变成一棵月桂树。画中描绘的是,太阳神阿波罗追上了达芙妮,他跪在达芙妮的面前,向她倾诉衷情,阿波罗的手刚接触到达芙妮的身体,达芙妮就开始变为月桂树。画家对正在变树的达芙妮作了形象的描绘。姑娘的身子还是人的形状,而她的腿已变成树根,并深深扎进土里。据神话传说,阿波罗望着达芙妮变成的月桂树,无可奈何,他只能采摘几片树叶,编成花冠戴在头上,自慰自怜。后来人们给胜利者头上戴桂冠,其典故就源于这个神话传说。夏塞里奥是综合其老师安格尔新古典主义画风和德拉克洛瓦的浪漫主义色彩的最有代表性的后继人。他所描绘的女性形象,具有独创性,而且有一种奇特的诗意,从画中达芙妮的形象,我们可以有所感受。他对这位姑娘脸部表情的刻画细致入微,从那用笔不多的闭着的双眼就让你深刻感觉到达芙妮当时的心境;姑娘试图摆脱追求而弯曲的婀娜的身姿及表示挣扎的手臂动作,恰如其份地勾出了一个活生生的达芙妮。这一人物的形象不仅准确、生动,而且具有一种生命力,这种生命力表现出拒绝太阳神追求的达芙妮的全部的思想感情。画家以裸体表现达芙妮,旨在体现达芙妮的纯洁和美丽,使画面更增添诗一般的意境。因此,当时不少人赞叹夏塞里奥的作品,说他的作品既具有安格尔那种优美高雅的格调,又具有德拉克洛瓦的诗和文学般的意味。夏塞里奥初露头角就一鸣惊人,他的早期作品曾让他同时代的人惊叹不已。可惜他的创造力不久就衰退了,以后的作品逐渐失去了早年作品的美好特征。夏塞里奥是综合其老师画风与德拉克洛瓦的浪漫主义色彩的最典型的一位后继者,可惜他的艺术生涯太短了些,由于肺病难治,于37岁时离开了人世。

English is introduced

Natsu Celio was born in America in Northeast Dominica Samana, was the father of French colonial officials, the mother is the local Creole Kerrey. When the family moved to Paris in 1821, Natsu Celio showed a talent for painting. In 1830, only 11 year old Natsu Celio accepted Angell's studio for students to learn Angell's classical school of painting, Angell is very appreciate his talent, said: "this child will become the art circle of napoleon". In 1834, Angell left France to Rome as Dean of the College France, Natsu Celio was influenced by Delacroix, Delacroix use color has made Angell feel very disgusted, Natsu Celio has been trying to put Angell in the classical style and de la Loire romantic color reconcile. In 1836, he exhibited his work for the first time in a salon in Paris, and won the three prize. In 1840, the summer Olympic Games to go to Rome to see Angell Serry, Angell was unhappy with the change of his students style, thus leading to break the relationship between the two. In 1846, he had to travel to Algeria, later due to the deterioration of his health, but also to undertake the arduous work of the church mural, finally tired died in Paris, only 37 years old.
Natsu Celio is an admirer of Angell, but has a romantic soul. In color, he has long been committed to the study of Delacroix's works. Natsu Celio in the painting will make first appearance. His first works of "Marine Venus" (now in the possession of Le Louvre Museum of Paris) and "collapsed in front of thuluth Abba Ethel", appeared in the salon, once caused contemporaries interest, he has the kind of praise poetry and literary flavor of Delacroix, he also has the teacher shows that beautiful and elegant style. Xiasai Rio taste mythology of some rich fantasy painting, "Appollo and Daphne" he completed in 1844 when a lithograph and chalcography again conceived painting sketch. "Appollo and Daphne" is a masterpiece of Summer Olympic Games this piece Serry, typically reflects the summer Olympic passion and Serry romantic style of painting. The picture is full of vivid color, the image of the functional performance, the artist so that the fairy tale painting is very close to you very close. The work is based on a story in Greek mythology, Appollo is the Greek myth of the sun god, Daphne is the daughter of a rivergod. Winged Cupid for revenge, the arrow love Appollo, and another to love arrow Daphne. Love arrow Appollo, love fire, Daphne he is crazy to pursue the beautiful river, while Daphne has tried to avoid Appollo, stern manner, and begged the gods to help her get rid of it without love chase. The gods promise to help her, let her into contact with Appollo turned into a laurel tree. Pictured is the God of the sun, Appollo overtook Daphne, he knelt in front of Daphne, she confided to Appollo's hand, just contact to Daphne's body, Daphne began to turn into a laurel tree. The artist made a vivid picture of the tree is Daphne. The girl's body was still in the shape of a man, and her legs had become roots, and they were deep in the earth. According to legend, Appollo looked into the Daphne laurel, helpless, he can only pick a few leaves into the crown on his head, masturbation self pity. Later, people give the winner crowned head, the story comes from the myth of legend. Natsu Celio is the teacher Angell neoclassical style and Delacroix's romantic, the most representative of the successor. He described the female image, originality, and there is a unique poetic painting, from the image of Daphne, we can feel. His characterization of the girl's face is meticulous, from that with many closed eyes let you feel that Daphne was trying to get rid of the pursuit of mood; the girl while bending the graceful posture and said the struggle of arm movements, just as the tick of a living Daphne. The character of the image is not only accurate and vivid, but also has a vitality, the vitality of the sun god refused to show the pursuit of Daphne all thoughts and feelings. The painter to naked Daphne, Daphne aims to reflect the purity and beauty, make the picture more poetic mood. Therefore, when many people praise the summer Olympic Serry works, said Angell that his works are beautiful and elegant style, and with Delacroix's poetry and literature like that. Natsu Celio will make first appearance blockbuster, his early works had let his contemporaries marvel. Unfortunately, his creativity will soon decline, after the work gradually lost the good features of early works. Natsu Celio is the teacher of the romantic style and Delacroix the most typical of a successor, but his career is too short, because the disease is difficult to treat, died at the age of 37.

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