亨里·斯戈特·图克Henry Scott Tuke

亨里·斯戈特·图克（1858年至1929年6月12日至13日），这是在英国视觉的艺术家；主要是一个画家，也是一个摄影师。

中文名亨里·斯戈特·图克
外文名Henry Scott Tuke
性别男
国籍英国
出生日期1858年
逝世日期1929
职业画家、摄影师

早期的生活

Henry Scott Tuke， 沐浴者 ，1888

Tuke出生在劳伦斯街约克为突出，贵格会教徒家庭他的弟弟William Samuel Tuke出生在两年前的1856。他的父亲，丹尼尔哈克图克一个著名的医学博士，专攻精神病学，是一个疯狂的人道待遇的活动家。他的曾曾祖父英国的威廉·图克创立了撤退在美国，第一个现代疯人院 1796，在。他的曾祖父亨利图克，爷爷杜凯和叔叔杰姆斯哈克图克也是著名的社会活动家。Tuke家族的血统可以追溯到先生布瑞恩图克，担任顾问王亨利八世（取代先生托马斯）。

1859全家搬到法尔茅斯进入康沃尔它是希望温暖的气候将有利于Tuke的父亲，丹尼尔，曾出现了肺结核。丹尼尔在那里一直生活到68岁。他建立了一个小医生的实践他在木材里的房子。他的妹妹，Maria Sainsbury Tuke（1861–1947）-写传记的人她哥哥死后出生在那里。威廉继续学医，但亨利或Harry为他所谓的家庭，表现在专业不感兴趣。Tuke鼓励画画从小。Tuke和他的兄弟姐妹们都在家里做家庭教师教。玛丽亚描述自己的童年在彭德尔顿县的“一个非常快乐和健康” 在大海的沙滩和游泳度过漫长的夏日就以持久的影响；其他持久的记忆是年轻的图克形成牢固的友谊。

1874以移动伦敦，在那里他参加与史雷德艺术学校。这是在彭德尔顿县，年轻的Tuke被介绍给裸体海浴的乐趣，一种习惯他一直到老。毕业后他去了意大利 1880，从1881到1883他住在巴黎，师从法国历史画家让-保罗劳伦斯会见美国人画家约翰·辛格·萨金特（她是一个男性裸体，画家，虽然这是在他的一生中鲜为人知的）。

during the 1880年代图科也提出奥斯卡怀尔德和其他著名的诗人和作家，如约翰阿丁顿西蒙兹，大多数人是同性恋（当时通常称为天王星）和谁庆祝男性青少年。他写了一个“十四行诗的青春”这是匿名发表在 艺术家 ，也贡献了一篇文章 工作室 。

纽林画派

Henry Scott Tuke， 蓝色八月 ，1893

1883，Tuke回到了英国，搬到了纽林加入一个小群体，康沃尔的艺术家包括沃尔特兰利，艾伯特Chevallier泰勒和汤玛斯·库伯·高奇。这些画家，和其他人，被称为纽林画派。他曾从玫瑰小屋tregadgwith农场，康沃尔在头拉莫纳谷。

在Newlyn，1884年，Tuke完成了他的第一幅男孩在船上。打电话夏季，它描绘了两个当地男孩，John Wesley Kitching和约翰棉花，在平底船叫小宋。图克的风格比其他印象派画家更多距离很短的时间，他只呆了。然而，他仍然是亲密的朋友，与许多艺术家直到他的死亡。

法尔茅斯

“我们的杰克”，杰克滚动大约1886的肖像

Henry Scott Tuke，” 红宝石，黄金和孔雀石，1902

以年轻男性裸体画油研究二十几岁的意大利之旅期间1881，但主题不到1885后成为他工作的中心，当他搬到彭德尔顿县，当时还是康沃尔一个僻静的地方和国家的一部分与一个非常温和的气候，更适合裸泳。有以专注于海上的场景和人物肖像，这表明男孩和年轻男子游泳，钓鱼，在阳光明媚的海滩日光浴。他定居在 swanpool ，一个渔港，买了一个£40艘渔船，南特的朱莉，并将其转换成流动工作室和生活区。他租了两个房间pennance平房，坐落pennance点和swanpool海滩之间。直到他的死亡的小屋仍然是Tuke的永久基地，虽然他经常住上了船。在这里可以尽情释放自己热爱绘画的男孩。他早期的模型，从伦敦带来了但他很快就结识了一些当地的渔民和游泳在彭德尔顿县谁成为他的亲密朋友和模型。这些包括爱德华约翰“约翰尼”杰克特（1878–1935），Charlie Mitchell（1885–1957），谁看了Tuke的船，Willie Sainsbury之后，图克的大侄子，Leo Marshall，Georgie和Richard Fouracre（他的管家的儿子）， George Williams–小儿子–近邻，Maurice Clift一家的朋友，Ainsley Marks的侄子，Jack Rolling（在一些源拼写“罗琳”） Freddy Hall，Bert White，Harry Cleave。由于交换的头和他的身体在他的画作中以模型的习惯，这往往是不可能准确地识别每个图。所有以正常模式最终被称为在第一次世界大战，和一些没有回报，包括毛里斯clift-a模型 蓝色八月 他们在法国被杀。

以在彭德尔顿县建立了一个艺术画廊威廉·艾尔斯特格拉姆作为主要为自己画一个商业出口。

他经常往返于伦敦彭德尔顿县提供铁路服务，他没有从伦敦艺术现场隔离。他制作了许多社会人物肖像，当地官员和Tuke的家庭成员。他还画了许多畅销的风景和被视为一艘扬帆的画家。Henry Scott Tuke当选为皇家艺术院副1900和皇家院士1914。

风格

T. E. Lawrence在newporth海滩附近的彭德尔顿县军校，

以惠粗糙，清晰的笔触，在光滑的抛光是时髦的画家和评论家的青睐。他有一个强烈的色彩和自然光的表现出色，尤其是柔软的，脆弱的英国夏天的阳光。虽然经常以完成绘画工作室，摄影的证据表明，他主要在户外工作，其清新的色彩和逼真的效果，阳光的海边，在他赤裸的肉体反射模型。

在他早期的作品，Tuke把他的男性裸体的神话背景，但评论家认为这些作品是拘谨的，枯燥和软弱。从19世纪90年代，以废弃的神话主题开始作画当地男孩钓鱼、帆船、游泳和潜水，并开始画一个更自然的风格。他的油漆处理变得更为自由，他开始用大胆的、新鲜的颜色。从这一时期他最著名的作品之一是 蓝色八月 （1893–1894），四是裸体青年沐浴从船的研究。这个抵达艺术家Lindsay Symington（1872–1942），模拟的金发男孩抱着船在水上；虽然不是正规的模型，赛明顿是Tuke的好朋友，后者经常去赛明顿的家中，小妖精霍尔特，在达特米特。以女性裸体画一些但这些都不是他的男性裸体画一样成功。

虽然裸体青年图克的作品无疑吸引了他的同性恋朋友和艺术的买家，他们从未明确性。模特的生殖器几乎是不可能的，他们几乎没有身体的接触，并没有任何明显的性暗示。大多数画有裸体模特或立或卧或面朝大海的沙滩上，所以只有背视图显示。

四桅帆船 ，1914

Tuke也是一个很重要的海上艺术家。多年来，他画了许多雄伟的帆船图片，主要的水彩画，是直到上世纪30年代。Tuke经常着迷完全操纵船的美，和他从小能凭记忆画。他决定搬到彭德尔顿县1885，部分受船舶常数的存在。

以享有相当的知名度，他赚了足够的钱，从他的作品使他到国外旅行，他画在法国、意大利和西印度群岛。在1900日举行的他的荣誉在一个宴会康沃尔皇家理工的社会。他当选为皇家艺术学院和1914年。

他的男性裸体的主要例子是由主要的美术馆包括购买 沐浴者 1890在利兹艺术画廊 蓝色八月 在泰特美术馆，伦敦1894。但他也是众所周知的肖像画家，并保持了伦敦工作室工作，他的佣金。他最著名的肖像画之一是，军人和作家阿拉伯的劳伦斯（“阿拉伯的劳伦斯”）。

死亡

从一个细节 红宝石，黄金和孔雀石 ，模型是Charlie Mitchell（1885–1957）。米切尔是Tuke的船夫30年，在他将 1000，Tuke离开了他£。

在以后的生活，他身体不好多年，并在彭德尔顿县去世，1929是埋在他家附近的法尔茅斯的墓地。以保持详细的日记一生只有两卷幸存了下来，在他死后，至今已出版。他还保留了艺术家的生存和登记已由康沃尔皇家理工协会在彭德尔顿县发布。

遗产

返回从钓鱼（1907）

他死后，Tuke的名声消失了，他都忘记了直到上世纪70年代，当他被公开的同性恋艺术家和艺术收藏家的第一代。自从他成为同性恋文化界名人的东西，与豪华版作品出版他的作品拍卖价格不菲。

纪念

学生宿舍在法尔茅斯大学学院命名以纪念他，作为一个艺术家，一个著名的城镇居民。当时他们被建立并命名的，学校被称为法尔茅斯艺术学院。在彭德尔顿县是一个集279 Tuke的作品属于康沃尔皇家理工的社会，在公有制最大的收藏。大部分是由在上世纪60年代一个收藏家捐献，但社会保持着向集合添加政策。

展览和出版物

在第一百五十年H.S. Tuke出生后，有三个展览作品：

2008-05-03到2008-07-12： 捕捉光线：Henry Scott Tuke阳光的绘画 。
五月10至12，2008年7月： 捕捉光线：回顾Henry Scott Tuke，康沃尔皇家博物馆，特鲁罗
7 - 12 2008年六月，七月的： 一个隐藏的珍宝透露：选择的纸上作品由Henry Scott Tuke从康沃尔皇家理工的社会 康沃尔皇家博物馆，特鲁罗。
7月21日，2008年8月28日： 捕捉光线：Henry Scott Tuke的艺术 在美术协会，新邦德街，

H.S. Tuke的作品被一些美术馆和博物馆包括举行泰特美术馆，画廊，在艺术画廊，沃克艺术画廊，利明顿温泉艺术画廊和博物馆，牛津大学波德林图书馆，皇家艺术学院， Guildhall Art Gallery 。

商品以报纸汤玛斯·库伯·高奇也在泰特美术馆馆藏档案（TGA 9019）在泰特美术馆的档案文件提供的上下文中，以工作，不只是位置他的画，他的模型的关系，但他的艺术忠诚如他与画家Thomas Cooper Gotch深厚的友谊。

English is introduced

Henry Scott Tuke

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Henry Scott Tuke RA RWS (12 June 1858 – 13 March 1929), was an English visual artist ; primarily a painter, but also a photographer. His most notable work was in the Impressionist style, and he is probably best known for his paintings of nude boys and young men.

He was born into a Quaker family in Lawrence Street in York . He was the second son of Daniel Hack Tuke (1827–1895) and Maria Strickney (1826–1917). In 1859 the family moved to Falmouth , where Daniel Tuke, a physician, established a practice. Tuke's sister and biographer, Maria Tuke Sainsbury (1861–1947), was born there. Tuke was encouraged to draw and paint from an early age and some of his earliest drawings—from when he was four or five years old—were published in 1895. In 1870, Tuke joined his brother William at Irwin Sharps's Quaker school in Weston-super-Mare , and remained there until he was sixteen.

In 1875, Tuke enrolled in the Slade School of Art under Alphonse Legros and Sir Edward Poynter . Initially his father paid for his tuition but in 1877 Tuke won a scholarship, which allowed him to continue his training at the Slade and in Italy in 1880. From 1881 to 1883 he was in Paris where he met Jules Bastien-Lepage , who encouraged him to paint en plein air . While studying in France, Tuke decided to move to Newlyn Cornwall where many of his Slade and Parisian friends had already formed the Newlyn School of painters. He received several lucrative commissions there, after exhibiting his work at the Royal Academy of Art in London.

Self portrait, 1920

In 1885, Tuke returned to Falmouth where many of his major works were produced. Tuke became an established artist and was elected to full membership of the Royal Academy in 1914. Tuke suffered a heart attack in 1928 and died in March, 1929. Towards the end of his life Tuke knew that his work was no longer fashionable. In his will he left generous amounts of money to some of the men who, as boys, had been his models. Today he is remembered mainly for his oil paintings of young men, but in addition to his achievements as a figurative painter, he was an established maritime artist and produced as many portraits of sailing ships as he did human figures. Tuke was a prolific artist—over 1,300 works are listed and more are still being discovered.

Early life

Henry Scott Tuke, The Bathers , 1888

Tuke was born at Lawrence Street York , into a prominent Quaker family. His brother William Samuel Tuke was born two years earlier in 1856. His father, Daniel Hack Tuke , a well-known medical doctor specialising in psychiatry, was a campaigner for humane treatment of the insane. His great-great-grandfather William Tuke had founded the Retreat at York, one of the first modern insane asylums , in 1796. His great-grandfather Henry Tuke , grandfather Samuel Tuke and uncle James Hack Tuke were also well-known social activists. The Tuke family's ancestry can be traced back to Sir Brian Tuke , who served as an adviser to King Henry VIII of England (replacing Sir Thomas More ).

In 1859 the family moved to Falmouth in Cornwall where it was hoped the warmer climate would benefit Tuke's father, Daniel, who had developed symptoms of tuberculosis. Daniel survived there and lived on until he was 68. He established a small doctor's practice in his house in Wood Lane. His sister, Maria Sainsbury Tuke (1861–1947)—who wrote a biography of her brother after his death—was born there. William went on to study medicine but Henry—or Harry as he was called by the family, showed no interest in the profession. Tuke was encouraged to draw and paint from an early age. Tuke and his siblings were taught by a governess at home. Maria described their childhood in Falmouth as "a very happy and healthy one" and the long summer days spent on the beach and swimming in the sea had a lasting effect on Tuke; other enduring memories were the firm friendships the young Tuke formed.

In 1874 Tuke moved to London , where he enrolled in the Slade School of Art . It was in Falmouth that the young Tuke had been introduced to the pleasures of nude sea bathing, a habit he continued into old age. After graduating he travelled to Italy in 1880, and from 1881 to 1883 he lived in Paris , where he studied with the French history painter Jean-Paul Laurens and met the American painter John Singer Sargent (who was also a painter of male nudes, although this was little known in his lifetime).

During the 1880s Tuke also met Oscar Wilde^4] and other prominent poets and writers such as John Addington Symonds , most of whom were homosexual (then usually called Uranian ) and who celebrated the adolescent male. He wrote a "sonnet to youth" which was published anonymously in The Artist , and also contributed an essay to The Studio .

Newlyn School

Henry Scott Tuke, August Blue , 1893

In 1883, Tuke returned to Britain and moved to Newlyn , Cornwall joining a small colony of artists including Walter Langley , Albert Chevallier Tayler and Thomas Cooper Gotch . These painters, and others, became known as the Newlyn School . He worked from Rose Cottage at Tregadgwith Farm, Cornwall at the head of the Lamorna valley.

In Newlyn, in 1884, Tuke completed his first painting of boys in boats. Called Summertime , it depicts two local boys, John Wesley Kitching and John Cotton, in a punt called Little Argo . Tuke's style was more impressionistic than that of the other Newlyn painters and he only stayed a short time. However, he remained close friends with many of the artists until his death.

Falmouth

"Our Jack", portrait of Jack Rolling circa 1886

Henry Scott Tuke, " Ruby, Gold and Malachite , 1902

Tuke painted oil studies of young male nudes during a tour of Italy in his early twenties in 1881, but the theme did not become central to his work until after 1885, when he had moved to Falmouth, then still a secluded part of Cornwall and a part of the country with a very mild climate that was more agreeable for nude bathing. There Tuke focused on maritime scenes and portraits, which showed boys and young men bathing, fishing and sunbathing on sunny beaches. He settled at Swanpool , a fishing port, bought a fishing boat for £40, 'Julie of Nantes', and converted it into a floating studio and living quarters. He rented two rooms in Pennance Cottage, situated between Pennance Point and Swanpool Beach.The cottage remained Tuke's permanent base until his death, although he often lived aboard boats. Here he could indulge his passion for painting boys. His early models were brought down from London but he soon befriended some of the local fishermen and swimmers in Falmouth who became his close friends and models. These included Edward John "Johnny" Jackett (1878–1935), Charlie Mitchell (1885–1957), who looked after Tuke's boats, Willie Sainsbury, Tuke's eldest nephew, Leo Marshall, Georgie and Richard Fouracre (sons of his housekeeper), George Williams – younger son of close neighbours, Maurice Clift – nephew of a family friend, Ainsley Marks, Jack Rolling (in some sources spelt "Rowling") Freddy Hall, Bert White and Harry Cleave. Due to Tuke's habit of interchanging heads and bodies of his models in his paintings, it is often not possible to identify each figure exactly.All of Tuke's regular models were eventually called up during the First World War , and some did not return, including Maurice Clift—a model for August Blue —who was killed in France.

Tuke established an art gallery in Falmouth with William Ayerst Ingram as a commercial outlet mainly for their own paintings.

He would often commute to London—Falmouth was well served with a railway service—and he was not isolated from the London art scene. He produced numerous portraits of society figures, local officials and members of the Tuke family circle. He also painted many more saleable landscapes and was well regarded as a painter of ships in sail. Henry Scott Tuke was elected Associate of the Royal Academy in 1900 and Royal Academician in 1914.

Style

T. E. Lawrence as a cadet at Newporth Beach, near Falmouth

Tuke favoured rough, visible brush strokes, at a time when a smooth, polished finish was favoured by fashionable painters and critics. He had a strong sense of colour and excelled in the depiction of natural light, particularly the soft, fragile sunlight of the English summer. Although Tuke often finished paintings in the studio, photographic evidence shows that he worked mainly in the open air, which accounts for their freshness of colour and the realistic effects of sunlight reflected by the sea and on the naked flesh of his models.

In his early paintings, Tuke placed his male nudes in mythological contexts, but the critics found these works to be rather formal, lifeless and flaccid. From the 1890s, Tuke abandoned mythological themes and began to paint local boys fishing, sailing, swimming and diving, and also began to paint in a more naturalistic style. His handling of paint became freer, and he began using bold, fresh colour. One of his best known paintings from this period is August Blue (1893–1894), a study of four mostly nude youths bathing from a boat. The Looe artist, Lindsay Symington (1872–1942), modelled for the blonde boy holding onto the boat in the water; though not a regular model, Symington was a good friend of Tuke, the latter often visiting the Symington family home, Pixies' Holt, at Dartmeet. Tuke painted some female nudes but these were not as successful as his male nude paintings.

Although Tuke's paintings of nude youths undoubtedly appealed to his gay friends and art-buyers, they are never explicitly sexual. The models' genitals are almost never shown, they are almost never in physical contact with each other, and there is never any suggestion of overt sexuality. Most of the paintings have the nude models standing or crouching on the beach facing out to sea, so only the back view is displayed

Four Masted Barque , 1914

Tuke is also regarded as an important maritime artist. Over the years, he painted many pictures of the majestic sailing ships, mainly in watercolour, that were common until the 1930s. Tuke was often fascinated with the beauty of a fully rigged ship, and since his childhood could draw them from memory. His decision to move to Falmouth in 1885 was, in part, influenced by the constant presence of the ships there.

Tuke enjoyed a considerable reputation, and he earned enough money from his paintings to enable him to travel abroad and he painted in France, Italy and the West Indies. In 1900 a banquet was held in his honour at the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society . He was elected to the Royal Academy of Arts in 1914.

Major examples of his male nudes were purchased by major art galleries including The Bathers at Leeds Art Gallery in 1890 and August Blue at the Tate, London in 1894. But he was also well known as a portraitist, and maintained a London studio to work on his commissions. Among his best known portraits is that of soldier and writer T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia").

Death

A detail from Ruby, Gold and Malachite , the model was Charlie Mitchell (1885–1957). Mitchell was Tuke's boatman for 30 years and in his will , Tuke left him £1,000.

In later life he was in poor health for many years, and died in Falmouth in 1929 and was buried in a Falmouth cemetery close to his home.Tuke kept a detailed diary all his life but only two volumes survived after his death and have since been published. He also kept a detailed artist's Register which survives and has been published by the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society in Falmouth.

Legacy

Return from fishing (1907)

After his death, Tuke's reputation faded, and he was largely forgotten until the 1970s, when he was rediscovered by the first generation of openly gay artists and art collectors. He has since become something of a cult figure in gay cultural circles, with lavish editions of his paintings published and his works fetching high prices at auctions.

Commemoration

The student halls of residence at University College Falmouth are named after Tuke, a tribute to him as both an artist, and a famous resident of the town. At the time they were built and named, the school was known as the Falmouth College of Arts . Also in Falmouth is a collection of 279 of Tuke's works belonging to the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society , the largest such collection in public ownership. The bulk were donated by a single collector in the 1960s, but the Society maintains a policy of adding to the collection.

Exhibitions and publications

During the 150th year after H.S. Tuke's birth, there were three exhibitions of his work:

2008-05-03 to 2008-07-12: Catching the light: the sunshine paintings of Henry Scott Tuke .
2008-09-06 to 2008-09-27: Tall ships .
10 May – 12 July 2008: Catching the Light: A Retrospective of Henry Scott Tuke", Royal Cornwall Museum , Truro
7 June – 12 July 2008: A Hidden Treasure Revealed: A selection of the works on paper by Henry Scott Tuke from the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society , the Royal Cornwall Museum, Truro.
21 July – 28 August 2008: Catching the Light: The Art of Henry Scott Tuke at the Fine Art Society, New Bond Street,

Collections

H.S. Tuke's works are held in a number of galleries and museums including Tate , Hunterian Art Gallery , Grundy Art Gallery , Walker Art Gallery , Leamington Spa Art Gallery & Museum , Bodleian Libraries , Royal Academy of Arts , Guildhall Art Gallery .

The papers of H.S. Tuke and Thomas Cooper Gotch are also held in the Tate Archive collections (TGA 9019) The papers in the Tate Archive provide context in which Tuke worked, not just the locations of his paintings and the relationships with his models, but his artistic allegiances such as his deep friendship with the painter Thomas Cooper Gotch.

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美术百科参考资料

1、Henry Scott Tuke