"画中十哲"指清代娄东画派的10位画家。即董邦达、高翔、高凤翰、李世倬、张鹏翀、李师中、王延格、陈嘉乐、张士英、柴慎等10位。十哲为娄东派，他们崇古保守的画风，与"虞山画派"相依托，即这10位娄东派的画家，亦兼写虞山画派，如李世倬。他们又受"四王"的影响甚大，其主要以临摹复古为主，但其中也有自出机杼、别故致新的画家，如高凤翰、高翔等。

基本信息

名称:"画中十哲"

组成人员:董邦达、高翔、高凤翰、李世倬、张鹏翀、李师中、王延格、陈嘉乐、张士英、柴慎

各人详细介绍请见""画中十哲"各人详细介绍"部分。

 董邦达

(1699---1769)，字孚存，一字非闻，号东山，富阳县人。雍正元年(1723)拔贡。七年乡试中式，经刑部尚书励廷仪保举，以七品小京在户部行走。十一年成进士，改庶吉土。乾隆二年(1737)散馆，授为编修。次年典试陕西。六年，充顺天乡试同考官，时方修《石渠宝笈》、《秘殿珠林》、《西清古鉴》诸书，命入内廷襄事。旋授中允，充日讲起居注官，晋侍讲，再晋侍读学士，直南书房。十二年，授予内阁学士兼礼部侍郎衔，遭母丧回籍。服未及阕，诏以素服入直内廷。嗣充会试副总裁，实授礼部侍郎。十八年，主江西乡试。此后，多次扈从巡幸，充殿试读卷、经筵讲授予、武会试总裁等官，补授予都察院左都御史，署翰林院掌院学士，迁工部尚书，转礼部，复转工部，赐紫禁城骑马。三十四年，以老乞休。是年七月，以疾卒，赐祭葬如例，谥曰文恪。墓在富阳新桐乡新店村，现为县级文物保护单位。

邦达工书，尤善画。篆隶古朴;山水宗法元人，多用枯笔，而气势磅礴，生面别开，乾隆帝为之题志者甚多。乾隆二十三年腊月二十四日，邦达与《红楼梦》作者曹雪芹在宗室敦诚家聚会，谈竺论画，一见如故，曾为曹氏所著《南鹞北鸢考工志》题签并撰序言，传为佳话。

高翔

(1688--1753)，号西唐，又号樨堂，江苏扬州人。他也是一生从未做过官。

高翔晚年时由于右手残废，常以左手作画。与石涛、金农、汪士慎为友。清朝的李斗在《扬州画舫录》中有过这样的记载:"石涛死，西唐每岁春扫其墓，至死弗辍"。意思是说，石涛死后，高翔每年春天都去扫墓，直到死都没有断过。从这里也可以看出他们之间的友谊很深。

高翔除擅长画山水花卉外，也精于写真和刻印。他的山水画取法弘仁和石涛，所画的园林小景，大多是从写生中来。金农、汪士慎诗集上的小像，就是高翔的手笔，线描简练，神态逼真。

著有《西唐诗钞》。

高凤翰

(1683-1749) 字西园，号南阜，胶州城南三里河村人，父高曰恭为举人，叔高曰聪为进士。高凤翰天资聪颖，童年时代就从家中藏书中学到不少东西。后来受当地名儒李世锡的指教，奠定了国学基础，对其后来在艺术方面的造就有很大的帮助。

19岁那年，高凤翰参加科考中秀才，次年去济南参加乡试，后又两度赴省，但屡试不中。

后至45岁，高凤翰方由胶州牧黄之瑞荐举应"贤良方正"特考，考列一等，授任安徽歙县县丞。在官场派系斗争中，高凤翰受诬下狱，经历了一番磨难。后虽冤案得昭雪，但使他对仕途失去了兴趣。

去官为民后，高凤翰侨居扬州，寄宿佛门僧舍。55岁时，他右手病残，改用左手舞文弄墨，自号"后尚左手"，刻制"丁己残入"石章一枚，标志在丁已年病苦废右手。他在扬州同"扬州八怪"一班文人十分投契，靠他们资助和自己卖画，维持了几年流浪生活。

59岁，高凤翰返归故里，8年后病逝。

高凤翰在文学艺术诸多领域有为人称道的成就，他的书法，他的绘画，他的诗作以及他的篆刻和藏砚都值得一提。

高凤翰的右手书法严谨流畅，左手书法上溯魏晋风格，继承元明笔法，气韵流动，古趣横生，被人誉为明清两朝数百年间以左手擅长书法的，尚无人与之媲美并列。当时能得到其只字片幅不是易事。

高凤翰主工花卉山水，宋人雄浑之神和元人静逸之气在其作品中同时流露，艺术造诣十分精湛。高凤翰的画不拘成法，因而被人归于"扬州八怪"，也有将他列为"画中十哲"的。

高凤翰的诗成名较早，青年时代即负盛名。他的诗颇得明士王士祯的首肯，曾受渔洋遗命为私淑弟子。高凤翰文思敏捷，一次在两江总督尹继善举行的酒宴上，以雁名题，高凤翰提笔立就，其中不乏佳句，令友人交口称赞。他的诗、书、画、印被人称为四绝。高凤翰的藏砚也被人们肯定。高凤翰的传世作品有《牡丹竹石图》轴等，并著有《南阜山人诗集》、《砚史》等书。

高凤翰在一黑陶罐上的诗刻和画有三足陶器的《博古图》花轴因起山东大学考古工作者的注意，后人们按图上提供的信息往胶州三里河求索，终于发掘出一处重要的古文化遗址。

青岛百花苑置有他的雕像。

李世倬

[清](?―1770)字天章，一字汉章、天涛，号谷斋，又号菉园、星厓，别号十石居士、太平拙吏、伊祁山人、清在居士，奉天(今辽宁沈阳)人，一作三韩(今内蒙喀喇沁旗西南)人，隶籍汉军正黄旗。如龙子，高其佩(一六七二―一七三四)外甥。官至副都御史。曾任太常，人称李太常。善画山水、人物、花鸟、果品，各臻其妙。少随父宦游江南，见王翚(一六三二―一七一七)得其讲论，后与马逸游，故宗法纯正而笔亦秀隽。其人物，自言得吴道子水陆道场图而阅之，遂悟其法。其花鸟、果品各种写意，盖得诸舅氏之指墨而易以笔，故能各名一家。晚年喜用指墨作人物、花鸟小品，以焦墨细擦，颇得轻重浅深之致。年逾八旬犹能作画，书小楷。《国(清)朝画徵录》、《指头画说》、《讯画闲评》、《墨林今话》、《桐阴论画》、《熙朝名画续录》、《熙朝雅颂集》、《读画辑略》、《清画家诗史》、《八旗画录》

爱新觉罗·允禧

(1711-1758)，原名胤禧，因避雍正帝讳改为"允"。字谦斋，号紫琼，亦作紫噊，别号紫琼崖道人(因得端溪岩石，宝爱特甚，遂以自号)、春浮居士等。清代画家、书法家、诗人。康熙五十年正月十一出生，母为当时仅为庶妃的汉族女子陈氏(康熙六十一年雍正尊为皇考贵人，乾隆元年进位熙嫔，乾隆二年正月初二卒，享年在40岁以上)。他是康熙第35个儿子，序齿成为了皇二十一子。康熙五十九年，始从幸塞外。雍正八年二月封贝子;五月，即谕以允禧立志向上，进贝勒，这年他只有19岁。雍正十三年进慎郡王，这年他24岁。卒于乾隆二十三年(1758)五月二十一，终年48岁，谥靖。

张鹏翀

字天飞(一作天扉)，一字抑斋，号南华、南华散仙，人谓之漆园散仙，嘉定(今属上海市)人。 雍正五年(1725)进士，官詹事府詹事。

书法苏轼。爱佳山水，裹粮往游。画山水师元四家。云峰高厚，沙水幽深，笔清墨润，兼有王原祁、王翚之风。诗才敏捷，侍从内廷，命题咏，可应声立就。作画亦顷刻能尽数纸。卒年五十八。著南华诗集。 《熙朝名画续录、国(清)朝画徵录、归愚文钞、芝庭诗稿、香树斋续集、嘉定县志、墨林今话、练水画徵录、桐阴论画、画传编韵、宋元以来画人姓氏录、清画家诗史》。

折叠李师中

(生卒年不详)，字正甫，一字秦凤，号 园，清乾隆年间书画家，高密人。1736年(乾隆元年)进士，入翰林，官御史。工诗，善书画，与朱文震、高南阜为画友。书宗二王、有赵孟頫秀逸之气，流畅冲和。画山水，峰峦峻峭，山石坚凝，用笔泼辣，皴点奇特。被朱文震称为"画中十哲"之一。

 Summary

brief introduction

"Ten Philosophers in Painting" refers to 10 painters of Loudong School in Qing Dynasty. That is Dong Bangda, Gaoxiang, Gao Fenghan, Li Shili, Zhang Pengyi, Li Shizhong, Wang Yange, Chen Jiale, Zhang Shiying, Chaisheng and so on. Ten philosophers belong to the Loudong School. They worship the ancient and conservative painting style and rely on the "Yushan School". They are the 10 Loudong School painters, who also write the Yushan School, such as Li Shili. They are also greatly influenced by the "Four Kings", mainly by copying and restoring the ancients, but there are also artists who come out of their own devices and create new ones, such as Gao Fenghan and Gao Xiang.

Essential information

Name: "Ten Philosophers in Painting"

Components: Dong Bangda, Gao Xiang, Gao Fenghan, Li Shiyi, Zhang Pengyi, Li Shizhong, Wang Yange, Chen Jiale, Zhang Shiying and Chai Shen

For a detailed introduction, please refer to the "Ten Philosophies" section.

Detailed introduction

Dong Bangda

(1699 - 1769), the word Fuyu, a word unheard of, No. Dongshan, Fuyang County people. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Pagong was paid. In the seven-year rural test of Chinese style, the Ministry of Criminal Justice recommended Shangshu Li Tingyi to walk in the Ministry of Hubu with seven pints of Xiaojing. In eleven years, he became a scholar and changed into a prosperous land. In the second year of Qianlong reign (1737), Sanguan was awarded editing. Shaanxi Province will be tested in the following year. Six years later, Chongshun Tianxiang Examination Officer was appointed to the Inner Court by compiling Shiqu Baotu, Secret Hall Pearl Forest and Western Qing Gujian. Professor Rotary Zhongyun, full-time living annotation official, Jinshi lecture, then Jinshi bachelor's degree, Zhinan study. Twelve years later, he was awarded the title of Bachelor of Cabinet and Minister of Rites, and his mother was bereaved and returned home. The imperial edict was administered to the court without delay. He is the vice president of the conference examination and the waiter of the gift department. Eighteen years, the main Jiangxi rural test. Thereafter, he served as an attendant and patrol officer for many times, such as reading papers, giving lectures at banquets, president of the martial arts association test, etc. He was awarded a supplementary award to the imperial history of the capital procuratorate, a bachelor in charge of the Academy of Hanlin Academy, a letter from the Ministry of Relocation of Works, a gift from the Ministry of Rehabilitation of Works, and a horse rider from the Forbidd Thirty-four years, old beggars. In July of that year, he died of a sudden illness and gave sacrifices and burials as an example. The tomb is located in Xindian Village, Xintong Township, Fuyang, and is now a cultural relic protection unit at the county level.

Bonda works, especially good at painting. Seals are ancient and plain; the patriarchal clan of the Yuan Dynasty in mountains and rivers mostly used dry pens, but with great momentum and different faces, Emperor Qianlong wrote many inscriptions on them. On December 24, 23, Qianlong, Bonda and Cao Xueqin, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions, met at Duncheng's clan house to talk about painting and painting. As always, they signed and wrote a preface to Cao's book The Chronicle of the Examination of Southern Iris and Northern Iris.

Gao Xiang

(1688-1753), No. Xitang, No. Shuitang, from Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. He had never been an official in his life.

In his later years, Gao Xiang often painted with his left hand because his right hand was disabled. Friends with Shi Tao, Jinnong and Wang Shishen. Li Dou of the Qing Dynasty recorded in Yangzhou Painting Boat Record that "Shi Tao died, and the tomb was swept every spring of the Western Tang Dynasty until the death of Fu Tui". That is to say, after Shi Tao's death, Gao Xiang went to visit his grave every spring until he died. It can also be seen from this that the friendship between them is very deep.

Gao Xiang is good at painting landscapes and flowers, but also at portrayal and engraving. His landscape paintings are based on Hongren and Shitao. Most of the landscape paintings are from sketches. The portraits in Jinnong's and Wang Shishen's poetry collections are Gaoxiang's handwriting, concise line drawing and lifelike manner.

He is the author of Poetry Notes of the Western Tang Dynasty.

Gao Fenghan

(1683-1749) West Garden, No. Nanfu, the village of Sanli River in the south of Jiaozhou City, father Gao said that Gong was the honorary man, uncle Gao said that Cong was the scholar. Gao Fenghan was talented and learned a lot from his collection of books in his childhood. Later, he was instructed by Li Shixi, a famous local scholar, which laid a foundation for his studies and was of great help to his later artistic creation.

When Gao Fenghan was 19 years old, he took part in the science examination, went to Jinan to take the local test the next year, and then went to the province twice, but failed repeatedly.

Later, at the age of 45, Gao Fenghanfang was recommended by Rui Zhuhuang of Jiaozhou to take the special examination of "Xianliang Fangzheng", ranking first in the examination, and was appointed Prime Minister of Shexian County, Anhui Province. In the struggle of the official factions, Gao Fenghan was falsely imprisoned and went through a lot of hardships. Later, although the injustice was clear, he lost interest in his official career.

After leaving the government for the people, Gao Fenghan lived abroad in Yangzhou and boarded in Buddhist monasteries. When he was 55 years old, he was disabled in his right hand. He changed to use left-handed dancing prose to make ink. He named himself "left-handed later", and carved a stone stamp "Ding Ji's residue" which marked Ding Ji's sick and disabled right hand in his old age. He was very close to the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" group of literati in Yangzhou. He maintained a vagrant life for several years by subsidizing them and selling his own paintings.

At 59, Gao Fenghan returned home and died eight years later.

Gao Fenghan has made commendable achievements in many fields of literature and art. His calligraphy, his paintings, his poems, his seal carvings and Tibetan inkstones are worth mentioning.

Gao Fenghan's right-handed calligraphy is rigorous and fluent. His left-handed calligraphy traces back to Wei and Jin Dynasties. He inherits Yuan and Ming Dynasty's brushwork, has flowing charm and interesting antiquity. He has been praised as a left-handed calligrapher in Ming and Qing Dynasties for hundreds of years. It was not easy to get a single word.

Gao Fenghan mainly works on flowers and landscapes, the vigorous gods of the Song Dynasty and the quiet and leisurely spirit of the Yuan Dynasty are revealed in his works at the same time, and his artistic attainments are very exquisite. Gao Fenghan's paintings are not restricted to law, so they are classified as "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou" and "Ten Philosophers in Painting".

Gao Fenghan's poems became famous early, and they became famous in his youth. His poems were approved by Wang Shizhen, a scholar of Ming Dynasty. He was once destroyed by Yuyang as a disciple of private ladies. Gao Fenghan was quick in thinking. At a wine banquet held by Governor Yin Jishan of Liangjiang, Gao Fenghan wrote the title of goose, and many of them had good sentences, which made friends praise each other. His poems, books, paintings and prints are known as the Four Great Arts. Gao Fenghan's Tibetan Inkstone is also affirmed. Gao Fenghan's handed down works include the axis of Peony, Bamboo and Stone Pictures, and other books such as Nanfushan Poetry Collection and Inkstone History.

Gao Fenghan's poem portrayal on a black pottery pot and the flower axis of Bogutu, which depicts three-legged pottery, attracted the attention of archaeologists at Shandong University. Later, people searched Sanli River in Jiaozhou according to the information provided on the map and finally unearthed an important ancient cultural site.

Qingdao Baihua Garden has his statue.

Li ShiNi

[Qing] (?-1770) Tianzhang, a character of Hanzhang, Tiantao, Guzhai, Guyuan, Xingtao, Shishijushi, Taiping Zhuli, Yiqishan, Qing Jushi, Fengtian (Shenyang, Liaoning Province today), Fengtian, Sanhan (southwest of Khalaqin Banner, Inner Mongolia), belongs to the Han Jun Zhenghuang Banner. Such as Dragon, Gao Qipei (1672-1734) nephew. Officials and deputy are all emperors of history. He was called Li Taichang. Good at painting landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, fruits, each of them is wonderful. Shao followed his father's official tour to the south of the Yangtze River, and saw Wang Fei (1632-1717) get his speech, and later travel with Ma Yiyou, so the patriarchal clan was pure and elegant. His characters, self-proclaimed Wu Daozi's water and land road field map and read it, then understand its method. Its flowers, birds and fruits are all kinds of freehand brushwork, which can be easily written by uncles, so it can be named by one family. In his later years, he preferred to use finger ink as characters and flower and bird sketches, and rubbed them with scorching ink, which was rather light and shallow. Over eighty years old, he can still draw pictures and write regular scripts. Descriptions of Paintings of the State (Qing Dynasty), Talks about Finger Paintings, Comments on Interrogation Paintings, Moulin Today's Talks, Tongyin Paintings, Sequels to Famous Paintings of the Xi Dynasty, Elegant Songs of the Xi Dynasty, Collections of Reading Paintings, History of Poetry of Qing Painters and Records of Paintings of Eight Flags

Aixinjuro Yunxi

(1711-1758), formerly known as Xuxi, was changed to "Yun" for avoiding Yongzheng Emperor's taboo. Ziqianzhai, named Ziqiong, also known as Zizao, also known as Ziqiongya Dao people (because of the Duanxi Rock, Bao Ai is very special, so named Ziqiong), Chunfujushi and so on. Painters, calligraphers and poets of the Qing Dynasty. Kangxi was born on the eleventh day of the first month of the fiftieth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi. Her mother was Chen Shi, a Han woman who was only a concubine at that time (Yongzheng in the sixty-first year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi was honored as an imperial examiner, Xihuang in the first year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, and died in the first month of the second year of the reign of Empero He was the 35th son of Kangxi, and Xuan Teeth became the twenty-first son of the Emperor. In the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi's reign, it began from the outside of Fortune. Yongzheng sealed the shellfish in February in the eighth year of Yongzheng, and in May he was only 19 years old when he entered Baile with Yunxi's ambition. Yongzheng 13 years Jinshen County King, this year he was 24 years old. He died on May 21, 1758, in the 23rd year of Qianlong, at the age of 48, in Jijing.

Zhang Pengyi

Zitianfei (a heavenly gate), Yizhai (a word for restraining Zhai), Nanhua Sanxian, known as Lacquer Garden Sanxian, Jiading (now Shanghai) people. Yongzheng five years (1725) Jinshi, the official Zhan Shifu Zhan Shi.

Calligraphy Su Shi. Aijia mountains and rivers, wrapped grain to travel. Four masters of landscape painting. The cloud peak is thick, the sand water is deep, the brush is clear and moist, and it has the wind of Wang Yuanqi and Wang Fei. Poetry is nimble, serving the inner court, proposition chanting, can stand on one's feet. Painting can also do as much paper as possible in an instant. The year of death was fifty-eight. He is the author of South China Poetry Collection. The sequel of famous paintings in the Xi Dynasty, the description of paintings in the Guo (Qing) Dynasty, Guiyuwen Banknote, Zhiting Poetry Draft, Xiangshuzhai sequel, Jiading County Chronicle, Molin Modern Dialect, the collection of water painting, Tongyin Painting Commentary, Painting Biography Rhyme, Painter's Name Record since Song and Yuan Dynasty, Poetry History of Qing Painters.

Li Shizhong

(The year of birth and death is unknown), the word Zhengfu, the word Qinfeng, Nuoyuan, calligrapher and painter in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Gaomi people. In 1736 (the first year of Qianlong Emperor) Jinshi entered Hanlin and was an official and imperial official. Gongshi, good at painting and calligraphy, and friends with Zhu Wenzhen and Gao Nanfu. The second king of Shuzong, with Zhao Mengfu's elegance, fluency and harmony. Painting landscapes, steep peaks, solid rocks, spicy pen, strange points. Zhu Wenzhen is known as one of the ten philosophers in painting.