中国版画的起源，有汉朝说、东晋说、六朝以至隋朝说。现存我国最早的版画，有款刻年月的，是举世闻名的“咸通”本《金刚般若波罗密经》卷首图，根据题记，作于公元868年。四川成都唐墓出土的“至德”本版画，据估计比“咸通”本早约百年。唐、五代时期的版画，在我国西北和吴越等地都有发现的作品。作品大多古朴俊秀，奏刀有神。这些便是版画的起源。
宋元时期的佛教版画，在唐、五代的基础上又有了进一步的发展。刻本章法完善，体韵遒劲。同时，在经卷中也开始出现山水景物图形。其他题材的版画，如科技知识与文艺门类的书籍、图册等也有大量的雕印作品。北宋的汴京，南宋临安、绍兴、湖州、婺州、苏州、福建建安、四川眉山、成都等，成为各具特色的版刻中心。同一时期的辽代套色漏印彩色版《南无释迦牟尼佛像》是我国发现的最早的彩色套印版画，在世界文化史上有极其重要的地位。由于实用的要求，在宋代也出现了铜版印刷，主要用于印制纸币和广告。元代的“平话” 刻本是我国连环版画的前身。
明清两朝是我国版画的高峰时期，在许许多多文人、书商、刻工的共同努力下，版刻出现了各种流派，创作出大量优秀作品，版刻创作呈现出欣欣向荣的局面。不仅宗教版画在明代达到顶点，欣赏性的版画也在明代大大兴起。画谱、小说、戏曲、传记、诗词等，一时佳作如雪，不胜枚举。尤其是文学名著的刻本插图，版本众多，流行广泛，影响深远。
这一时期也是版画各个艺术流派的兴盛期。以福建建阳为中心的建安派，作品多出于民间工匠，镌刻质朴。以南京为中心的金陵派，作品以戏曲小说为主。或粗犷豪放，或工雅秀丽，风采迥异。以杭州为中心的武陵派，题材开阔，刻制精美。以安徽徽州为中心的徽派在中国文化史上更具有源远流长的影响和举足轻重的地位。
版画的发展始终与刻书业密切相关，宋元时代的中心在福建的建安和浙江的杭州，在明代的时候则转移到南京和北京。但是真正使得版画发展进入一个新阶段的是徽派版画的兴起。自15世纪以来，徽派版画即以刻制闻名于时，高手如林，尤其以黄、汪两个家族最为突出。明清两代新安黄氏一族所刻书达200余部，能图者有100多人，成为一支阵容庞大的队伍。代表作品有《养正图解》、《古列女传》等。在徽派版画以典雅、精巧的风格畅行于世的时候，金陵（南京）、武林（杭州）、苏州等地的版画插图也形成了自己的特色。
明代版画不仅用作书籍插图，而且也用于画家传授画法的“画谱”、文人雅士的“笺纸”、制墨名家的“墨谱”，以及民间娱乐用的“酒牌”。画谱中的较早者是1603年杭州双桂堂所刊的《顾氏画谱》；墨谱的代表则为万历年间出版的丁云鹏参与绘制的《程氏墨苑》；热心酒牌版画创作的是著名画家陈洪绶，他和徽州黄氏高手合作的《水浒叶子》、《博古叶子》等成为传世名作。古代套色版画的出现，已知最早的是明刻的《萝轩变古笺谱》，但影响最大的却是刊刻于1633年的《十竹斋画谱》和刊刻于1644年的《十竹斋笺谱》，它们的作者是明代的出版家、书画家胡正言。
清代版画除了徽派以外，北京的殿版也很有名。代表作品有1696年北京刻手朱圭所刊焦秉贞的《耕织图》、1717年所刻冷枚画的《万寿盛典图》等。而1679年运用分色水印木刻法所印制的《芥子园画传》初集，是由金陵画家根据李流芳的稿本缯辑而成的，其后又出版了二、三、四集，广为流传，成为对后世影响极大的一部绘画教科书。

在欣赏版画近千年发展过程中留下的大量作品时，有以下一些艺术特点值得注意：
1．尽可能利用对象的本色，显出木味（木刻）。类型??
2．巧妙利用“留黑”手法，对刻画的形体作特殊处理，获得版画特有的艺术效果。
3．发挥刻版水印的特性，让大块阳刻产生强烈的艺术效果。
4．通过巧妙构图，以丰满密集和萧疏简淡等不同风格来衬托表现主题风格。
综上所述，中国古代版画在历史长河中有它自己的发展轨迹，形成了独具特色的艺术。
郑振铎先生曾说：“梨枣图画，为推动文化，功高不可胜言”，这是对版画艺术地位的恰当描述。
版画具有可视性审美的平面性造型及其纯美术的功用。版画有艺术表现过程的间接性，艺术结果的复数，印痕艺术的审美特征。

独幅版画
在不经过制版的光滑版面上绘画或刷色，后再拓印为成品的一种版画形式。
拓片
直接拓墨在覆盖于凸版版面的纸张上的一种版画形式。如石刻拓片、砖刻拓片等。
凸版型版画
受墨在版材的凸面部位，其代表是木版画。其中用油溶性墨色印刷的称“油印木版画”或“木刻”；用水溶性墨色印刷的称“水印版画”或“水印木刻”。另有取麻胶、石膏、石块、砖块等为版材而仍用木版画制版、印刷方法制成的各种凸版型版画。
凹版型版画
受墨在版材的凹面部位，其代表铜版画。其中由于制版方法不同可分为“线刻铜版画”、“干刻铜版画”、“网线铜版画”和“腐蚀铜版画”等。另有取锌版或其他金属等版材而仍用铜版画制版、印刷方法制成的各种凹版型版画。
平版型版画
受墨在版材的表面部位，其代表是石版画。由于制版方法的不同可分为“直接石版画”和“转写石版画”等。另有取铝版、锌版等为版材而仍用石版画制版、印刷方法制成的平版型版画。
孔版型版画
又称“漏孔版”，墨色通过有孔眼的版材，漏泄到成品承受面，其代表是丝网漏印。另有以丝网漏印制版印刷方法而取尼龙网、卡普龙网、金属网及其他网料为版材的孔版型版画。
玻璃版画
在玻璃上制版后，再结合摄影技术而为成品的一种版画形式。

版画，也是中国美术的一个重要门类。古代版画主要是指木刻，也有少数铜版刻和套色漏印。独特的刀味与木味使它在中国文化艺术史上具有独立的艺术价值与地位。
中国版画的起源，有汉朝说、东晋说、六朝以至隋朝说。现存我国最早的版画，有款刻年月的，是举世闻名的“咸通”本《金刚般若波罗密经》卷首图，根据题记，作于公元868年。四川成都唐墓出土的“至德”本版画，据估计比“咸通”本早约百年。 唐、五代时期的版画，在我国西北和吴越等地都有发现的作品。作品大多古朴俊秀，奏刀有神。内容题材以宗教经卷为主。
宋元时期的佛教版画，在唐、五代的基础上又有了进一步的发展。刻本章法完善，体韵遒劲。同时，在经卷中也开始出现山水景物图形。其他题材的版画，如科技知识与文艺门类的书籍、图册等也有大量的雕印作品。北宋的汴京，南宋临安、绍兴、湖州、婺州、苏州、福建建安、四川眉山、成都等，成为各具特色的版刻中心。同一时期的辽代套色漏印彩色版《南无释迦牟尼佛像》是我国目前发现的最早的彩色套印版画，在世界文化史上有极其重要的地位。由于实用的要求，在宋代也出现了铜版印刷，主要用于印制纸币和广告。元代的“平话” 刻本是我国连环版画的前身。
明清两朝是我国版画的高峰时期，在许许多多文人、书商、刻工的共同努力下，版刻出现了各种流派，创作出大量优秀作品，呈现出欣欣向荣的局面。不仅宗教版画在明代达到顶点，欣赏性的版画也在明代大大兴起。画谱、小说、戏曲、传记、诗词等，一时佳作如雪，不胜枚举。尤其是文学名著的刻本插图，版本众多，流行广泛，影响深远。
这一时期也是版画各个艺术流派的兴盛期。以福建建阳为中心的建安派，作品多出于民间工匠，镌刻质朴。以南京为中心的金陵派，作品以戏曲小说为主。或粗犷豪放，或工雅秀丽，风采迥异。以杭州为中心的武陵派，题材开阔，刻制精美。以安徽徽州为中心的徽派在中国文化史上更具有源远流长的影响和举足轻重的地位。
在欣赏版画近千年发展过程中留下的大量作品时，有以下一些艺术特点值得注意：
1 尽可能利用对象的本色，显出木味。
2 巧妙利用“留黑”手法，对刻画的形体作特殊处理，获得版画特有的艺术效果。
3 发挥刻版水印的特性，让大块阳刻产生强烈的艺术效果。
4 通过巧妙构图，以丰满密集和萧疏简淡等不同风格来衬托表现主题。
综上所述，中国古代版画在历史长河中有它自己的发展轨迹，形成了独具特色的艺术风格。郑振铎先生曾说：“梨枣图画，为推动文化，功高不可胜言”。这是对版画艺术地位的恰当评价。
用刀子或化学药品等在木版、石版、麻胶版、铜版、锌版等版面上雕刻或蚀刻后印刷出来的图画。在西方，
版画一词有广义和狭义两种含义：广义指架上油画和壁画等大幅绘画以外的一切绘画，如水彩画、水粉画、粉笔画、素描、速写、插图、宣传画、连环画等；狭义专指经过刻版和印刷而成的图画。中国通用的版画一词多属狭义。

①切刻法,先以纸或塑料作载体，然后在上面涂虫胶，反复涂4～5层，干后用力照画稿切刻这层胶膜，完成后，紧贴在网纱的承印面上，用电熨斗垫布在网纱的刮印面上烙烫一下，使胶膜软化而粘附在网纱上，揭开作好载体的纸或塑料，一个孔版便留在网纱上。切刻法不能刻得太细，但有剪纸及木刻的味道，亦常得版画家所用。
②描画法，用阿拉伯胶液在网纱将刮印面上作画，待干，涂上虫胶，然后用温水洗网纱。阿拉伯胶被溶化，那里的网纱便透明。亦可用石印药墨棒代替阿拉伯胶液作画，涂上虫胶后，用汽油洗网纱。
③感光法，把感光液涂在网纱上，在暗房中干透后，把画好的画稿紧贴于网纱下面，移至曝光台上曝光，之后经过冲洗即成。
丝网版画：
丝网版画的印刷法是将制好孔版的网纱承印面（即网纱朝下的面）与纸贴近，然后在其刮印面（即网纱向上的面）上倾倒液态颜料，再用刮板将颜料刮过去，颜料透过有孔的地方便印在下面的纸上成画。刮板是用一条方平橡胶镶上木把手。
印丝网版画的颜料有专制的油质与水性两类，看印在什么物质上而选用。丝网技术在轻工业部门应用甚广，纺织品、玻璃器、 皮革、陶瓷、 塑料等用品上的花纹，许多都是用丝网印的。用于印丝网版画的颜料，为了方便，油质的可用松节油调稀油画颜料即可。水性的用水粉颜料、丙烯颜料均可。
印完的尼龙网可用苛性钠将上面的胶膜洗净再用。版画家用的尼龙网以每平方厘米29目的为宜。太细，网目易被堵塞；太粗，图像不够精致。现代的版画家为了探索多种多样的表现形式，有时在一幅版画内，按内容需要，同时混用各种类型的版画方法，这种版画称作综合版画。例如黑色主版用木刻或铜版画印，套色部分用彩色水印，而另一部分用照相丝网版印等。现代创作版画的形式丰富多采，不能用原有的分类作为框框来限制它的发展。

起源
铜版画起源于欧洲，至今已有六百余年历史。历代大师都曾热衷于铜版画创作。从德国的丢勒、荷兰的伦勃朗、西班牙的戈雅，法国印象派的马奈、莫奈、西斯莱、德加等直至现代的毕加索、马蒂斯，诸大师都留下了十分精美的铜版画作品。 　　
铜版画在乾隆时代就已传入中国。乾隆皇帝就曾经下令为征战有功的将领和有名的战役制作铜版画。其中有些铜版画已成为海内外各大博物馆的珍藏。 　　
中国解放以后，各美术学院的版画系大都设有铜版画专业。然而，铜版画制作需要有一个作坊式的场地，多数学生毕业后都不具备这样的工作条件，久而久之，铜版画这个画种渐渐式微。在上海，也只剩极个别的画家还坚守在铜版画的园地里。其中一位就是上海油雕院的卢治平。 　　
五十年代，中国各大美术院校，相继建立版画系，开设了铜版画专业的课程，培养出中国一批从事铜版创作和教学的专业人才，他们陆续创作出许多精美的作品，从而为中国的艺苑填补了空白。六、七十年代中国铜版画一度处于低谷，八十年代初随着国内改革开放，又开始了一个新的发展时期，近20年来，展览、出版、专业学术交流活动频繁，中国铜版画得到了国内外艺术家的好评，并被世界各大艺术博物馆收藏。 　　
可以预见具有中国气魄的铜版画随着整个世界艺术事业的不断发展，将以自身独特的风采与其他画种并驾齐驱，中国铜版画必在国际上赢得更高声誉。
标牌及运用
铜版画标牌艺术、典雅、庄重，在国际上一直被认为是一种名贵的艺术画种，历代大师都曾热衷于铜版画的艺术创作。从德国的丢勒、荷兰的伦勃朗、西班牙的戈雅、法国印象派的马奈、莫奈、西斯兰、德加等，真到现代的毕加索、马蒂斯诸大师都留下了十分精美的铜版画作品。 　　
以标牌的形式复制、收藏大师名作，具有重要的社会意义和重大历史意义，随着生活水平的不断提高，人们对艺术欣赏、艺术品收藏的需求会越来越广，铜版画标牌的市场也会越来越大，越来越红火，早一步进入，就会早一步获得主动权，领先一步，你的面前就是一片“蓝海”。 　　
铜版画标牌采用本技术制作的铜版画厚度在0.2-1.0mm之间，采用高档材料防腐，画面永久不褪色、不变色，可保持画面历久如新。画框采用优质硬木（如东北楸木、椴木），高温蒸煮，不易变形、开裂。画框漆面采用韩国技术，逼真的仿红木效果，更加衬托出铜版画的高贵豪华、大气之感。该技术具体有艺术法独特，做工精细、立体感强、形象逼真、豪华典雅色彩艳丽、质感细腻等特点。 　　
铜版画标牌产品广泛适用于机关、部队、学校、医院、银行、保险、证券及其它金融机构、写字楼、办公室、家居装饰、摆设等。
 

有干刻法，腐蚀法，飞尘法等，以腐蚀法较为普遍。 　　
飞尘法：铜版面的一种制版方法。将防酸的材料如沥青、松香等制成粉末，盛在小布袋里，或放在小铜丝筛里， 在版面上方轻敲， 使粉末均匀地落在版面上，并把版加热，使粉末点子熔化粘着版面。然后将版放入硝酸溶液中。凡未粘上防酸粉点的地方均被腐蚀形成凹洞，除去防酸粉点后，上油墨印刷，即成一片黑底白点的灰色。腐蚀时间长，灰色就深，反之就浅，以防腐漆控制画面各部分腐蚀时间，就可得到许多层次的灰色。再因版面上防酸粉点的粗细、疏密，可使画面变化更为丰富多彩。另有用一种特制的飞尘箱，进行飞尘的，即在一密闭箱内置防酸粉末，摇动风扇后，使粉末飞扬，然后将版放入，粉末即均匀落在版面上，根据需要的厚薄取出。此法可使飞尘细而匀，但不能根据画面需要来安排各部分点子的疏密和粗细 。 　　
软蜡法：铜版画的一种制版方法。在防府蜡（或防腐剂）中加上油脂（一般宜使用较硬的动物蜡，如牛脂、羊脂等），使软而粘。涂布版面后，上覆一层纸纹较明显的纸，再在纸上用铅笔或刻针作画。凡画过之处，蜡即被粘在纸上。 用力重， 蜡被粘去多，反之则少。画完揭纸，放入酸中腐蚀，被蜡粘去多的版面，先被腐蚀，因而腐蚀较深；蜡被粘去少的版面，酸须透过一层薄蜡才能受到腐蚀，因而较浅；未画之处，则不被腐蚀。去防腐蜡之后，即可上墨印刷。由于作画用笔的轻重，画面上产生了浓淡层次的变化。如用铅笔作画，则有铅笔的效果。此外，在软蜡上还可压印麻布、丝绸、特殊纸纹等不同的花纹，增加版面艺术效果。 　　
干刻：铜版面的一种制版方法。用刻针直接在铜版或锌版面上刻画， 不经过腐蚀， 即可上油墨印刷。刻针需是很硬的钢针，或笔端装有硬宝石（或钻石）的针笔。在版面上刻画时，铜刺向线的二面或一面翻起，如犁田时翻起泥土。印刷时这些铜刺滞带着油墨，使每根线都形成一种渗化的柔和感觉。因线是在铜版上用力刻画出来， 往往刚直有力， 从而呈现不同于腐蚀的特殊艺术效果。 　　
腐蚀法：铜版面的一种制版方法。是以防腐蜡或防腐剂（一般以黄蜡、松香、沥青等抗酸材料制成）涂布版面，形成一层防腐膜，用刻针在版面上作画，然后放在腐蚀液（常用硝酸溶液）中腐蚀。凡被刻针刮去防腐膜之处，即被腐蚀，形成凹线，腐蚀时间越长，凹线也越深。除去防腐膜后版即形成。印刷时先用油墨涂布版面，使所有凹线都填满油墨，然后揩去凹线以外的油墨，使所有凹线都填满油墨，然后揩去凹线以外的油墨，放在铜版机上压印，纸受压，凹线内油墨吸于纸上而形成凸起的线条，由于线有粗细、深浅、疏密，再加上线外揩去的油墨有多有少，就形成一幅多层次的、调子变化复杂的画面。

The origin of China prints, with the Han Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, said that six dynasties to Sui Dynasty said. The earliest extant prints, a moment of time, is known to the world "Xian Tong" of the "Diamond Sutra" frontispiece map, according to the inscription, as in 868 a.d.. Chengdu Tang tomb unearthed in Sichuan, the "down" the prints, "this is estimated as early as about a hundred years pass" xian. In the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the works of Wu Yue and other places in Northwest china. Most of the works of ancient Junxiu, Zoudao god. These are the origins of printmaking.
The song and Yuan Dynasties, Buddhist prints, in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and there was a further development. Original composition perfect, elegant rhyme body. At the same time, also began to appear in the scroll in landscape pattern. Other subjects such as science and technology and art prints, books, books and other categories also have a lot of carving works. The Northern Song Dynasty Kaifeng, Shaoxing, Huzhou, Ling'an, the Southern Song Dynasty, Suzhou Wuzhou, Fujian, Meishan, Sichuan Jian Chengdu, become a distinctive engraving center. The color from the color version of the same period of the "Buddha" namo Shakya Muni is China's earliest found color printing prints, has a very important position in the history of world culture. Due to the practical requirement, also appeared in the Song Dynasty copperplate printing, mainly used for the printing of paper and advertising. The Yuan Dynasty edition "Pinghua" is China's predecessor serial print.
During the two dynasties in China prints of the peak period, many scholars, booksellers, carved together, engraving appeared in a variety of genres, created a large number of outstanding works, the engraving works showing a thriving situation. Not only the religious prints reached the peak in the Ming Dynasty, but also the appreciation of the prints in the Ming dynasty. Huapu, fiction, biography, poetry, drama, a masterpiece as snow, be too numerous to enumerate. Especially the literature masterpiece edition illustrated versions of many popular and influential.
This period is also the prosperity of various art schools. Taking Fujian as the center of Jianyang Jian'an school, works for folk craftsmen, engraved plain. To Nanjing as the center of the Jinling school, the main works of drama. Or bold, or elegant and beautiful, different style. With Hangzhou as the center of the Wuling school, the theme of open, exquisite engraving. Taking Anhui Huizhou as the center of Anhui has more profound influence and plays an important role in the cultural history of China.
The print development is always closely related with the engraving, song and Yuan Dynasties, in the center of Fujian Jian and Zhejiang Hangzhou in the Ming Dynasty, when they are transferred to Nanjing and Beijing. But what really makes prints entered a new phase of development is the rise of Huizhou prints. Since fifteenth Century, Anhui prints that is known in lithography, the master as, particularly in yellow, Wang two most prominent families. Ming and Qing Dynasties two generations of Xin'an Huang family carved more than 200 books, there are those who can have a figure of more than and 100, becoming a huge lineup of teams. Representative works are "graphic", "ancient biography YangZheng" etc.. In Huizhou prints to elegant and sophisticated style navigate the world, Jinling (Nanjing), martial arts (Hangzhou), Suzhou and other places of illustrations also formed their own characteristics.
The Ming Dynasty is not only used as a print book illustration, but also for artists to teach painting "painting", literati "paper", "ink ink masters of the spectrum, and the folk entertainment"". Earlier in 1603 Hangzhou Huapu familychurch published by the "Gu Hua Pu"; the ink spectrum is representative of the Wanli period of the publication of Ding Yunpeng in drawing "Cheng Mo yuan"; the enthusiasm of printmaking is the famous painter Chen Hongshou, he and Huizhou Huang master cooperation "Shuihu leaves", "Bogut the leaves become masterpieces". Print the appearance of the ancient, the earliest known is the "Luo Xuan infact change of ancient letter paper" the greatest impact, but is published in 1633 "Shizhuzhai Huapu" and inscribed in 1644 "Shizhuzhai" is the author of their letter paper, publisher, the Ming Dynasty painter Hu Zhengyan.
In addition to outside Beijing in the Qing Dynasty Huizhou prints, the House version is also very famous. Representative works of Zhu Gui published by the 1696 Beijing hand engraved with Jiao Bingzhen "farming and weaving", in 1717 the moment cold pieces of painting "Wanshou Festival map" etc.. And in 1679 by color woodblock printed "law" at the beginning of mustard seed garden painting set, by artist Li Liufang manuscript according to the Jinling Zeng series and subsequently published two or three, four sets, a widely circulated, a great impact on later painting textbooks.In appreciation of the prints in the development of thousands of years in the process of leaving a large number of works, there are some of the following artistic features worthy of attention:
1 as far as possible the use of object color, show the taste of wood (wood). The type of
2 clever use of "black" approach to the characterization of the body for special treatment, access to print unique artistic effect.
3. Play the characteristics of the watermark, so that large carved have a strong artistic effect.
4 through the clever composition, with full dense and Xiaoshu Jane light of different style to show the theme style.
To sum up, the ancient Chinese prints in the history of the river has its own development path, forming a unique art.
Mr Zheng Zhenduo said: "this picture, in order to promote the culture, high inexpressible", it is appropriate to describe the status of the print art.
Print with the visual aesthetic plane modeling and the function of pure art. Indirect prints show the process of art, the aesthetic features of complex art, art prints.
Monotype
In the sedan smooth suites on a painting or paint, after rubbing as a finished product in the form of printmaking.
Rubbing
Direct extension of ink in the coverage in the relief of the layout of a paper prints. Such as stone rubbings, Zhuanke rubbings etc..
Toppan prints
The ink in the convex parts plate, is a representative of the woodcut. The oil soluble ink printing is called "mimeograph woodcut" or "wood"; "water soluble ink printing watermark prints" or "woodblock". Otherwise take hemp glue, plaster, stone, brick for plates and still use wood painting made of plate making and printing method of relief prints.
Intaglio Printmaking
The ink in the concave parts of the plates, on behalf of the etching. As a result of the plate making method can be divided into "line engraved copper engraving", "dry engraved copper print", "network copper engraving" and "etching copper engraving" and so on. All kinds of intaglio prints otherwise take zinc or other metal plates and still made with coated painting plate making and printing method.
Lithographic prints
The ink on the surface of the plate part, its representative is a lithograph. Due to the Sinha methodology can be divided into "direct lithograph" and "transliteration lithograph" etc.. Lithographic prints otherwise take aluminum version, such as zinc plates and still use tablets made of painted plate making and printing method.
Hole edition print
Also known as the "leak edition", ink through holes in the plate, leakage to the finished bearing surface, is a representative of the silk screen. The silk screen printing method to take Kapulong nets, nylon nets, metal mesh and other web material to print plate type hole edition.
Glass engraving
After the plate on the glass, and then combined with photographic technology for the production of a print form.Printmaking is also an important category of Chinese art. Mainly refers to the ancient woodcut prints, there are a few copper plates and color prints. It has unique artistic value and status in the history of Chinese culture and art.
The origin of China prints, with the Han Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, said that six dynasties to Sui Dynasty said. The earliest extant prints, a moment of time, is known to the world "Xian Tong" of the "Diamond Sutra" frontispiece map, according to the inscription, as in 868 a.d.. Chengdu Tang tomb unearthed in Sichuan, the "down" the prints, "this is estimated as early as about a hundred years pass" xian. In the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the works of Wu Yue and other places in Northwest china. Most of the works of ancient Junxiu, Zoudao god. The content with the theme of religious scriptures.
The song and Yuan Dynasties, Buddhist prints, in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and there was a further development. Original composition perfect, elegant rhyme body. At the same time, also began to appear in the scroll in landscape pattern. Other subjects such as science and technology and art prints, books, books and other categories also have a lot of carving works. The Northern Song Dynasty Kaifeng, Shaoxing, Huzhou, Ling'an, the Southern Song Dynasty, Suzhou Wuzhou, Fujian, Meishan, Sichuan Jian Chengdu, become a distinctive engraving center. The color from the color version of the same period of the "namo Shakya Muni Buddha" found in China is the earliest color printing prints, has a very important position in the history of world culture. Due to the practical requirement, also appeared in the Song Dynasty copperplate printing, mainly used for the printing of paper and advertising. The Yuan Dynasty edition "Pinghua" is China's predecessor serial print.
During the two dynasties in China prints of the peak period, many scholars, booksellers, carved together, engraving appeared in a variety of genres, created a large number of outstanding works, showing a thriving situation. Not only the religious prints reached the peak in the Ming Dynasty, but also the appreciation of the prints in the Ming dynasty. Huapu, fiction, biography, poetry, drama, a masterpiece as snow, be too numerous to enumerate. Especially the literature masterpiece edition illustrated versions of many popular and influential.
This period is also the prosperity of various art schools. Taking Fujian as the center of Jianyang Jian'an school, works for folk craftsmen, engraved plain. To Nanjing as the center of the Jinling school, the main works of drama. Or bold, or elegant and beautiful, different style. With Hangzhou as the center of the Wuling school, the theme of open, exquisite engraving. Taking Anhui Huizhou as the center of Anhui has more profound influence and plays an important role in the cultural history of China.
In appreciation of the prints in the development of thousands of years in the process of leaving a large number of works, there are some of the following artistic features worthy of attention:
1 as far as possible the use of the nature of the object, showing the taste of wood.
2 clever use of "black" approach to the characterization of the body for special treatment, access to print unique artistic effect.
3. Play the characteristics of the watermark, so that large carved have a strong artistic effect.
4 through the clever composition, with full dense and Xiaoshu Jane light of different style to show the theme.
To sum up, the ancient Chinese prints in the history of the river has its own development path, forming a unique artistic style. Mr Zheng Zhenduo said: "this picture, in order to promote the work of inexpressible culture". This is an appropriate evaluation of the status of printmaking art.
With a knife or chemical carved in wood, stone, copper, zinc and other Ma offset, the layout of printed pictures or after etching. In the west,
Print the word has two meanings: general refers to the shelf outside the paintings and murals a painting all paintings, such as watercolor, gouache, pastels, sketches, illustrations, posters, comic strips and other special engraving and printing; specifically after a picture. China's general print is a narrow sense of the word.
The cutting method, with paper or plastic carrier, then coated with shellac, repeatedly apply 4 to 5 layers, dry hard according to drawings cut this layer of glue film, after the completion of the printing surface close to the gauze, the gauze cloth irons in the squeegee surface with a perm, the film is softened and adhesion in the gauze, opened the paper or plastic for the carrier, a hole version will stay in on. Cut moment method can not too fine, but there are paper-cut and woodcut taste, also often used version of the artist.
The drawing, painting, Arabia with glue in the scrape gauze printed on the surface to be dry, coated with shellac, then wash with warm water. Arabia glue to be melted, there will be transparent. The drug can also be used to replace the Arabia lithographic glue painting ink, coated with shellac, wash the gauze with gasoline.
The photographic method, the photosensitive liquid coated gauze, in the darkroom is dry, the drawing of the drawing close to the net below, moved to the exposure stage after exposure, after washing the.
Silk screen print:
Serigraphs of the printing system is a good yarn edition printing of the network surface (i.e. gauze downward surface) and close to the paper, and then on the squeegee surface (i.e. mesh to the surface) on the dumping of liquid paint, then scraper will paint scraping past, paint through a hole where the paper is printed below a painting. The scraper is a Fang Ping rubber with a wooden handle.
India 's screen prints of the pigment are absolute oil and water two, what can be printed on the choice of material. Wire mesh technology is widely used in light industry, textile, glass, leather, ceramics, plastics and other products on the pattern, many are printed with screen. India used to screen prints of the pigment, in order to facilitate the use of oil paint can be diluted. The water-based paints with gouache, acrylic paint can.
India end of nylon net available soda will be above the film and then wash. Prints the family of nylon mesh to 29 per square centimeter of the appropriate. The mesh is too thin, easy to be blocked; too thick, not exquisite image. The modern version of the artist to explore a variety of forms, sometimes in a print, according to the need of the contents, methods and mix various types of prints, such as integrated print prints. For example, the main version with black wood or copperplate printing, color with color watermark, and the other part of a screen version of the camera used india. Creation of modern art in the form of rich and varied, the development of original classification can not be used as a framework to limit it.origin
Copperplate painting originated in Europe, has been more than six hundred years of history. The ancient masters have keen etchings. From the German Durer, Rembrandt of Holland, Spain's Goya, French Impressionist MANET, Monet, Sisley, Degas etc. until modern Picasso, Matisse, the master has left a very delicate etchings.
The engravings in the Qianlong era had passed China. Emperor Qian Long had ordered a campaign for the generals and the famous battle of the copper print. Some of the engravings has become a major museum collections at home and abroad.
Chinese after liberation, the Academy of Fine Arts has most professional copperplate printmaking department. However, copperplate production needs to have a workshop site, most of the students after graduation do not have such conditions, in the course of time, this kind of painting chalcography gradually declined. In Shanghai, there are only a few other artists who stick to the print. One of them is Lu Zhiping of Shanghai oil sculpture institute.
In 50s, China major art institutions, have established the printmaking department, opened drypoints professional courses, training Chinese engaged in a number of art creation and teaching professionals, they have created many exquisite works to fill the blank for the China yiyuan. In 70s six, Chinese engrav was at the lowest point, at the beginning of 80s with the domestic reform and opening up, and started a new period of development, in the past 20 years, exhibition, publishing, academic exchange activities, Chinese engrav obtained the domestic and foreign artists praise, and was the World Museum of Art collection.
Can foreknow with boldness engrav China along with the development of world art career, will be its own unique style of painting and other Chinese etchings will racing together bridle to bridle, to win a higher reputation in the world.
Signs and use
Drypoint art signs, elegant and solemn, in the world has been considered a rare art painting, ancient masters have been keen on the engraving art creation. From the German Durer, Rembrandt of Holland, Spain's Goya, French Impressionist MANET, Monet, Degas, Xisilan, true to the modern Picasso, Matisse the master has left a very delicate etchings.
Copy, to sign the form of masterpieces, has important social significance and historic significance, with the continuous improvement of living standards, people of art appreciation, the art collection of the demand will be more and more widely, engrav signage market will be more and more, more and more prosperous, early step into, will be early to get the initiative one step ahead in front of you is a "blue ocean".
Copperplate etchings by the thickness of the plate making technology between 0.2-1.0mm, high-grade materials corrosion, do not fade, permanent picture does not change color, can keep a good picture. The frame adopts the high quality hardwood (such as the northeast, Catalpa wood, basswood), high temperature cooking, not easy to deformation and cracking. The paint frame uses the South Korean technology, lifelike imitation mahogany effect, emphasizing the engravings, luxurious sense of atmosphere. The technology has the unique artistic law, fine workmanship, strong sense of three-dimensional, vivid image, luxurious and elegant colors, delicate texture and other characteristics.
Copperplate label products are widely used in offices, schools, hospitals, military, banking, insurance, securities and other financial institutions, office buildings, offices, Home Furnishing decoration, decoration etc..There are dry etching, corrosion, flying dust, etc., in order to corrosion is more common.
Fly dust method: a method for making copper plate. The acid resistant materials such as asphalt, rosin powder, served in a small bag, or on the small screen in the layout of wire tapping, the above powder evenly falls on the page, and the version of heating, the powder melting adhesive layout ideas. Then put the plate in nitric acid solution. Where not glued acid powder were formation of corrosion pits, removing acid powder, ink printing, a piece of black white grey. Corrosion time is long, gray on the deep, or vice versa, anti-corrosion paint to control the corrosion time of the various parts of the screen, you can get a lot of gray level. For acid powder point layout on the thickness and density, the change is more rich and colorful picture. Another useful a special box of dust, dust, or in a closed box with built-in acid powder, shake the fan after the powder dust, and then in, powder evenly on the page, according to the thickness of removed. This method can make the dust fine and uniform, but not according to the screen need to arrange the density and thickness of each part.
Soft wax method: a method for making copper prints. In Hofu wax (or preservatives) add grease (generally hard to use animal wax, such as tallow, suet, etc.) so soft and sticky. After the layout of the paper, the paper is covered with a layer of paper, and then on the paper with a pencil or stylus painting. Where the paint is painted, the wax is glued to the paper. The weight is too heavy, the wax is more sticky, and the other is less. Finish the paper, add acid corrosion, wax is sticking to the multi layout, first by corrosion, corrosion and deep; the wax was sticking to the little space, acid by a thin layer of wax to corrode, so shallow; no paintings do not corrupt. After removing the wax, you can print it. Because the paint pen weight, the picture has changed the shades. If you use a pencil to paint, you have the effect of a pencil. In addition, the soft wax can also be embossed linen, silk, special paper and other different patterns, increase the layout of the artistic effect.
Dry cutting: a copper plate making method. Cut needle direct characterizations in coated or zinc plate, without corrosion, the printing ink can be. It is very hard to carve needle needle, or pen with hard stones (or diamond) needle pen. Describe in the layout, copper stabbing line of two face or side, such as turning up the soil when ploughing. When the printing of these copper lag with ink, so that each line to form a soft feeling of infiltration. Because the line is in hard coated portrayed, often outspoken and strong, which has special artistic effect is different from corrosion.
Etching method: a plate making method for copper layout. With antiseptic wax or preservatives (with beeswax, rosin, asphalt and other materials made of general acid) coating layout, form a layer of anticorrosive paint film, etching needle on the page, and then placed in the corrosive liquid (usually nitrate solution) in corrosion. Where the needle is scraped away to prevent corrosion of the film, that is corrosion, forming a concave line, the longer the corrosion time, the deeper the concave line. After the formation of anti corrosion film. When the first printing ink coating layout, so that all the lines are filled with concave ink, and then wipe the concave line outside the ink, so that all the lines are filled with concave ink, and then wipe the concave line outside the ink, put in coated paper machine embossing, compression, concave line ink absorption in the paper and the bulge formed lines, because of the line thickness, depth, density, and on-line wipe the ink more or less, the formation of a multi-level complex tone change, picture.