虞集，祖籍仁寿（今属四川省眉山市仁寿县），为南宋丞相虞允文五世孙，其父虞汲曾任黄冈尉，宋亡后，徙临川崇仁（今属江西省）。其母亲是国子祭酒杨文仲之女。祖辈皆以文学知名。虞集 

虞集

虞集

1272年二月二十日（3月21日）生于湖南衡阳，正当宋末，兵戈扰攘，为避战乱，随父迁居江西崇仁二都（今石庄乡）。

　　虞集自幼聪颖，3岁即知读书，4岁时由母杨氏口授《论语》、《孟子》、《左传》及欧阳修、苏轼名家文章，听毕即能成诵。9岁时已通晓儒家经典之大旨。14岁时师从著名理学家吴澄，对儒学世界观有了进一步认识。元朝统一全国后，虞集先在江西南行台中丞董士选府中教书。元成宗大德元年(1297)，虞集至大都（今北京市），大德六年（1302），被荐入京为大都路儒学教授。不久，为国子助教。他以师道自任，声誉日显，求学者甚多。仁宗即位（1312），虞集任太常博士、集贤院修撰。他上疏论学校教育问题，多有真知灼见，为仁宗所赏识。延祐六年（1319），为翰林待制兼国史院编修、集贤修撰。泰定元年（1324），为国子司业，后为秘书少监。四年（1327），他与王约随从泰定帝去上都，用蒙语和汉语讲解经书，上都大臣为其博古通今所折服。泰定帝时，升任翰林直学士兼国子祭酒。他建议京东沿海土地应让民开垦，筑堤以防潮水涌入。这既可逐年增加税收，又使数万民众得以在京师周围聚集，增强保卫京师的力量。这些主张虽未被采纳，但后来海口设立万户之计，就是采用其说。文宗在登位之前，就对虞集有所了解，登基后，即命其为奎章阁侍书学士。文宗有旨采辑本朝典章制度，仿效“唐、宋会要”，编修《经世大典》，命虞集与平章事赵世延同任总裁。后赵世延离任，由虞集独专其责。虞集呕心沥血，批阅两载于至顺二年（1331）全书编纂而成，共计880卷，是研究元朝历史的重要资料。书成后，文宗命他为翰林侍讲学士、通奉大夫，他以眼疾为由乞外任，未被允许。直到文宗及幼君宁宗相继去世，才得以告病回归崇仁。至正八年（1348）五月己未（二十三）日（6月20日），病逝于家。谥“文靖”，赠江西行省参知政事，追封为仁寿郡公。

　　虞集学识渊博，能究极本源，研精探微。精于理学，为元代“儒林四杰”之一。他认为道德教化是国家治本的大事，选用人才必须为众所敬服。主张理学应贯穿于雅俗之中。为元代中期文坛盟主，诗文俱称大家。文多宣扬儒家传统，倡导理学，歌颂元室。诗风典雅精切，格律谨严，深沉含蓄，纵横无碍。其诗歌风格于精切典雅中见沉雄老练，体裁多样，长于七古和七律，与杨载、范梈、揭奚斯齐名，人称“虞、杨、范、揭”，为“元诗四大家”之一。一时朝廷宏文高册，多出其手。在其诗作中，有不少作品涉及抚州故土的山水风土人情。亦工词与散曲，一生所写诗词文章逾万篇，但所存只有十之二、三。著有《道园学古录》、《道园类稿》各50卷，《虞文靖公诗集》（又曰《虞伯生诗》）。

虞集书画作品

文学

诗

虞集素负文名，宋濂在《柳待制文集》序言中说:"天历以来，海内之所宗者，唯雍虞公伯生、豫章揭公曼硕、乌伤黄公晋卿及公(柳贯)四人而已。识者以为名言"。宋荦《漫堂说诗》云:"元初袭金源派，以好问为大宗，其后则称虞、杨、范、揭"。又如沈德潜《说诗晬语》云:"虞、杨、范、揭四家诗品相敌。中又以汉廷老吏为最。"

虞集说:"仲宏(杨载)诗如百战健儿，德机(范梈)诗如唐临晋帖，曼硕(揭傒斯)诗如美女簪花(一作"三日新妇")，而他自己的诗如"汉廷老吏"。据说揭傒斯听到这种评论，颇不高兴，因为揭的诗写得是相当典重的。虞集诗歌内容表现出较强的民族意识。他在《挽文丞相》一诗中，对宁死不屈的南宋忠臣文天祥充满了哀悼，以至有人这样说:"读此诗而不泣下者几希!"文字亦流畅宛转。另有《从兄德观父与集同出荥州府君，宋亡隐居不仕而殁，集来吴门省墓，从外亲临邛韩氏得兄遗迹有说:"我因国破家何在，居为唇亡齿亦寒"，不知为谁作也?抚诵不觉流涕，因足成一章，并发其幽潜之意云》一诗，也流露同样思想感情。在《赵千里小景》诗中，他说"残云野水三百年"，也有凭吊宋亡的意思。虞集生二岁而宋亡，但由于元代民族关系紧张，以至在作品中表露出民族意识。

虞集有些诗还写及了民生疾苦，如《次韵陈溪山□履》、《杞菊轩》等。此外，他对元统治者推行的民族仇杀政策，颇表不满。他更多的诗是赠答应酬、内容空泛的作品。虞集生长在社会和平安定时期，他 的诗词一般都写得清和淡远。一派承平气象，如《无题》诗表现一种朦胧的境界，《闻机杼》则呈现雅淡的画面，《腊日偶题》、《听雨》、《宫词》等给人一种安详幽静印象。虞集的诗风格严峻，声律圆熟。

词

虞集工词，一生所写诗词文章逾万篇，但其词作今仅存二十多首，大都叙述个人闲愁情思，缺乏社会生活内容，景物描写亦平平无特色，惟《风入松》"画堂红袖倚清酣"引人注目，其中有句说:"杏花春雨在江南"，勾画江南景物，令人神往。杏花春雨本用陆游诗意而加以翻新。据说和他同时的诗人陈旅、张起岩都很欣赏这首词，而当时机坊还把它织在罗贴上，作为艺术品供人赏玩。

散文

虞集的散文多数为官场应酬文字，颂扬权贵，倡导理学。当时宗庙朝廷的典册，公侯大夫的碑铭，多由他撰写。但也有一些书信传记文章，表现了作者的思想性情。如《陈□小传》写宋代进士陈□守常州以身殉城的事迹，褒扬其忠义。又如《答刘桂隐书》对刘氏不出仕，十分称赏，赞扬刘"霜降冰涸而松柏后凋，沙砾汰除而黄金独耀"。这里对忠于赵宋王朝的人物的歌颂和他在诗歌中流露的民族意识是相通的。

虞集还有一些散文表现他的政治理想和对社会人情物理的深刻体会。《海樵说》着重阐明"大烹以养贤，推之使天下皆得其养"的道理，《医说赐易晋》强调医生应有仁爱的心肠，等等。

散曲

虞集所作散曲，今仅存《折桂令》一首，前人颇为称颂。元陶宗仪《辍耕录》谓"虽一时娱戏，亦过人远矣"。吴梅《顾曲麈谈》云:"先生(虞集)文章道义，照耀千古，出其余绪，尤能工妙如此，询乎天才，不可多得也，此种'短柱'句法，自元迄今，和之者绝少，唯明徐天池《四声猿》中，曾一仿之，后不一见也"。王季烈《螾庐曲谈》评价说:"虞学士集之《折桂令》咏蜀汉事云云，通篇用'短柱格 '，语妙天成。"

书法

虞集的书法在当时也很有名，颇得晋朝人韵味。传世作品有行书《白云法师帖》为其晚年之作。书法行笔环萦，字若连绵，法度险峭，劲健古雅。如王世贞所言:"用笔若草草，而中自遒劲。"《墨缘汇观·法书卷》、《三虞堂书画目》有著录。

水利

虞集曾在为仁宗讲学的课余时间，谈起京师倚仗东南一带以海运输送粮食而从事危险无比的航行，实在是严重耗损民力，于是进言道:"京师东方滨海数千里之地，都是芦苇丛生的荒地，北从辽海，南到青州、齐州，潮每日冲积，长期已来已淤积为可供耕种的肥沃之地。如果用浙江人的方法，筑堤挡住潮水使成为耕地，让想做官的富翁分别配领这些田地，由官府加以规定，有办法找到一万人耕田的，就给他一万人份的田地，让他做这一万人的首长;以下一千人，一百人也如此办理。三年之内看他的结果，由朝廷依土地的肥瘠程度定额课税，依等级征收，五年之后能有积蓄，就任命他做官，就所积蓄的做为俸禄，十年后赐给他符节印信，使他能流传给子孙。这么一来，便可得到数万民兵来对内保卫京师，对外防御海贼，而且又能不必仰赖东南海运，让人民得以休息，又可借着富人求官的心理，让京师得到充足的粮食供应，四处游食的人民能有正当的归宿，自然不会做海贼。"

但因评议的人意见不一致，此事便不了了之。

 著有《道园学古录》、《道园类稿》各50卷，《虞文靖公诗集》(又曰《虞伯生诗》)。

 总评

虞集学识渊博，能究极本源，研精探微。精于理学，为元代"儒林四杰"之一。他认为道德教化是国家治本的大事，选用人才必须为众所敬服。主张理学应贯穿于雅俗之中。为元代中期文坛盟主，诗文俱称大家。文多宣扬儒家传统，倡导理学，歌颂元室。诗风典雅精切，格律谨严，深沉含蓄，纵横无碍。其诗歌风格于精切典雅中见沉雄老练，体裁多样，长于七古和七律，与杨载、范梈、揭奚斯齐名，人称"虞、杨、范、揭"，为"元诗四大家"之一。一时朝廷宏文高册，多出其手。在其诗作中，有不少作品涉及抚州故土的山水风土人情。

折叠历代评价

爱育黎拔力八达:儒者皆用矣，惟虞伯生未显擢尔。

图帖睦尔:汝材何所不堪，顾今未可去尔。

林弼:赵文敏、虞文靖文翰，近代称绝。

宋濂:天历以来，海内之所宗者， 唯雍虞公伯生、豫章揭公曼硕、乌伤黄公晋卿及公(柳贯)四人而已。识者以为名言。

樊升之:贾生之治安，晁错之兵事，江统之徙戎，是万世之至画也，李邺侯之屯田，虞伯生之垦墅，平江伯之漕运，是一代之至画也。李允则之筑圃起浮屠，范文正、富郑公之救荒，是一时之至画也。画极其至，则人情允协，法成若天造，令出如流水矣。

朱轼:元之名人才士，惟集于经济最优。观其屡乞州郡，岂亦有所抑而思奋者耶?其所建筑堤垦田之议，百世良规，而当时之论，至恐主其事者，政以贿成，遂以中止。有治人，无治法，岂不信夫。

柯劭忞:元明善诸人，行义之方雅，议论之侃直，政事之明通，可谓台阁名臣，不独以文学擅名当世也。

 虞集，字伯生，宋丞相虞允文五世孙也。曾祖刚简，为利州路提刑，有治绩。尝与临邛魏了翁，成都范仲黼、李心传辈，讲学蜀东门外，得程、朱氏微旨，著《易诗书论语说》，以发明其义，蜀人师尊之。祖珏，知连州，亦以文学知名。父汲，黄冈尉。宋亡，侨居临川崇仁，与吴澄为友，澄称其文清而醇。尝再至京师，赎族人被俘者十余口以归，由是家益贫。晚稍起家，教授于诸生中，得孛术鲁翀、欧阳玄而称许之，以翰林院编修官致仕。娶杨氏，国子祭酒文仲女。咸淳间，文仲守衡，以汲从，未有子，为祷于南岳。集之将生，文仲晨起，衣冠坐而假寐，梦一道士至前，牙兵启曰:"南岳真人来见。"既觉，闻甥馆得男，心颇异之。

集三岁即知读书，岁乙亥，汲挈家趋岭外，干戈中无书册可携，杨氏口授《论语》、《孟子》、《左氏传》、欧苏文，闻辄成诵。比还长沙，就外傅，始得刻本，则已尽读诸经，通其大义矣。文仲世以《春秋》名家，而族弟参知政事栋，明于性理之学，杨氏在室，即尽通其说，故集与弟盘，皆受业家庭，出则以契家子从吴澄游，授受具有源委。

左丞董士选自江西除南行台中丞，延集家塾。大德初，始至京师。以大臣荐，授大都路儒学教授，虽以训迪为职，而益自充广，不少暇佚。除国子助教，即以师道自任，诸生时其退，每挟策趋门下卒业，他馆生多相率诣集请益。丁内艰，服除，再为助教，除博士。监祭殿上，有刘生者，被酒失礼俎豆间，集言诸监，请削其籍。大臣有为刘生谢者，集持不可，曰:"国学，礼义之所出也，此而不治，何以为教!"仁宗在东宫，传旨谕集，勿竟其事，集以刘生失礼状上之，移詹事院，竟黜刘生，仁宗更以集为贤。

大成殿新赐登歌乐，其师世居江南，乐生皆河北田里之人，情性不相能，集亲教之，然后成曲。复请设司乐一人掌之，以俟考正。仁宗即位，责成监学，拜台臣为祭酒，除吴澄司业，皆欲有所更张，以副帝意，集力赞其说。有为异论以沮之者，澄投檄去，集亦以病免。未几，除太常博士，丞相拜住方为其院使，间从集问礼器祭义甚悉，集为言先王制作，以及古今因革治乱之由，拜住叹息，益信儒者有用。

朝廷方以科举取士，说者谓治平可力致，集独以谓当治其源。迁集贤修撰。因会议学校，乃上议曰:"师道立则善人多，学校者，士之所受教，以至于成德达材者也。今天下学官，猥以资格授，强加之诸生之上，而名之曰师尔，有司弗信之，生徒弗信之，于学校无益也。如此而望师道之立，可乎?下州小邑之士，无所见闻，父兄所以导其子弟，初无必为学问之实意，师友之游从，亦莫辨其邪正，然则所谓贤材者，非自天降地出，安有可望之理哉!为今之计，莫若使守令求经明行修成德者，身师尊之，至诚恳恻以求之，其德化之及，庶乎有所观感也。其次则求夫操履近正，而不为诡异骇俗者，确守先儒经义师说，而不敢妄为奇论者，众所敬服，而非乡愿之徒者，延致之日，讽诵其书，使学者习之，入耳著心，以正其本，则他日亦当有所发也。其次则取乡贡至京师罢归者，其议论文艺，犹足以耸动其人，非若泛泛莫知根柢者矣。"六年，除翰林待制，兼国史院编修官。仁宗尝对左右叹曰:"儒者皆用矣，惟虞伯生未显擢尔。"会晏驾，不及用。英宗即位，拜住为相，颇超用贤俊，时集以忧还江南，拜住不知也。乃言于上，遣使求之于蜀，不见;求之江西，又不见;集方省墓吴中，使至，受命趋朝，则拜住不及见矣。泰定初，考试礼部，言于同列曰:"国家科目之法，诸经传注各有所主者，将以一道德、同风俗，非欲使学者专门擅业，如近代五经学究之固陋也。圣经深远，非一人之见可尽，试艺之文，推其高者取之，不必先有主意。若先定主意，则求贤之心狭，而差自此始矣。"后再为考官，率持是说，故所取每称得人。

泰定初，除国子司业，迁秘书少监。天子幸上都，以讲臣多高年，命集与集贤侍读学士王结执经以从，自是岁尝在行。经筵之制，取经史中切于心德治道者，用国语、汉文两进读，润译之际，患夫陈圣学者未易于尽其要，指时务者尤难于极其情，每选一时精于其学者为之，犹数日乃成一篇，集为反覆古今名物之辨以通之，然后得以无忤，其辞之所达，万不及一，则未尝不退而窃叹焉。拜翰林直学士，俄兼国子祭酒。尝因讲罢，论京师恃东南运粮为实，竭民力以航不测，非所以宽远人而因地利也。与同列进曰:"京师之东，濒海数千里，北极辽海，南滨青、齐，萑苇之场也，海潮日至，淤为沃壤，用浙人之法，筑堤捍水为田，听富民欲得官者，合其众分授以地，官定其畔以为限，能以万夫耕者，授以万夫之田，为万夫之长，千夫、百夫亦如之，察其惰者而易之。一年，勿征也;二年，勿征也;三年，视其成，以地之高下，定额于朝廷，以次渐征之;五年，有积蓄，命以官，就所储给以禄;十年，佩之符印，得以传子孙，如军官之法。则东面民兵数万，可以近卫京师，外御岛夷;远宽东南海运，以纾疲民;遂富民得官之志，而获其用;江海游食盗贼之类，皆有所归。"议定于中，说者以为一有此制，则执事者必以贿成，而不可为矣。事遂寝。其后海口万户之设，大略宗之。

文宗在潜邸，已知集名，既即位，命集仍兼经筵。尝以先世坟墓在吴、越者，岁久湮没，乞一郡自便，帝曰;"尔材何不堪，顾今未可去尔。"除奎章阁侍书学士。时关中大饥，民枕籍而死，有方数百里无孑遗者，帝问集何以救关中，对曰:"承平日久，人情宴安，有志之士，急于近效，则怨讟兴焉。不幸大灾之余，正君子为治作新之机也，若遣一二有仁术、知民事者，稍宽其禁令，使得有所为，随郡县择可用之人，因旧民所在，定城郭，修闾里，治沟洫，限畎亩，薄征敛，招其伤残老弱，渐以其力治之，则远去而来归者渐至，春耕秋敛，皆有所助，一二岁间，勿征勿徭，封域既正，友望相济，四面而至者，均齐方一，截然有法，则三代之民，将见出于空虚之野矣。"帝称善。因进曰:"幸假臣一郡，试以此法行之，三五年间，必有以报朝廷者。"左右有曰:"虞伯生欲以此去尔。"遂罢其议。有敕诸兼职不过三，免国子祭酒。

时宗藩暌隔，功臣汰侈，政教未立，帝将策士于廷，集被命为读卷官，乃拟制策以进，首以"劝亲亲，体群臣，同一风俗，协和万邦"为问，帝不用。集以入侍燕闲，无益时政，且媢嫉者多，乃与大学士忽都鲁都儿迷失等进曰:"陛下出独见，建奎章阁，览书籍，置学士员，以备顾问。臣等备员，殊无补报，窃恐有累圣德，乞容臣等辞职。"帝曰:"昔我祖宗，睿智聪明，其于致理之道，生而知之，朕早岁跋涉难阻，视我祖宗，既乏生知之明，于国家治体，岂能周知?故立奎章阁，置学士员，以祖宗明训、古昔治乱得失，日陈于前，卿等其悉所学，以辅朕志。若军国机务，自有省院台任之，非卿等责也。其勿复辞。"

有旨采辑本朝典故，仿唐、宋《会要》，修《经世大典》，命集与中书平章政事赵世延同任总裁。集言:"礼部尚书马祖常，多闻旧章，国子司业杨宗瑞，素有历象地理记问度数之学，可共领典;翰林修撰谢端、应奉苏天爵、太常李好文、国子助教陈旅、前詹事院照磨宋纟兹、通事舍人王士点，俱有见闻，可助撰录。庶几是书早成。"帝以尝命修辽、金、宋三史，未见成绩，《大典》令阁学士专率其属为之。既而以累朝故事有未备者，请以翰林国史院修祖宗实录时百司所具事迹参订。翰林院臣言于帝曰:"实录，法不得传于外，则事迹亦不当示人。"又请以国书《脱卜赤颜》增修太祖以来事迹，承旨塔失海牙曰:"《脱卜赤颜》非可令外人传者。"遂皆已。俄世延归，集专领其事，再阅岁，书乃成，凡八百帙。既上进，以目疾丐解职，不允，乃举治书侍御史马祖常自代，不报。

御史中丞赵世安乘间为集请曰:"虞伯生久居京师，甚贫，又病目，幸假一外任，便医。"帝怒曰:"一虞伯生，汝辈不容耶!"帝方向用文学，以集弘才博识，无施不宜，一时大典册咸出其手，故重听其去。集每承诏有所述作，必以帝王之道、治忽之故，从容讽切，冀有感悟，承顾问及古今政治得失，尤委曲尽言，或随事规谏，出不语人。谏或不入，归家悒悒不乐。家人见其然，不敢问其故也。时世家子孙以才名进用者众，患其知遇日隆，每思有以间之。既不效，则相与摘集文辞，指为讥讪，赖天子察知有自，故不能中伤，然集遇其人，未尝少变。一日，命集草制封乳母夫为营都王，使贵近阿荣、飐飐传旨。二人者素忌集，缪言制封营国公，集具稿，俄丞相自榻前来索制甚急，集以稿进，丞相愕然问故，集知为所绐，即请易稿以进，终不自言，二人者愧之。其雅量类如此。

论荐人材，必先器识，心所未善，不为牢笼以沽誉;评议文章，不折之于至当不止，其诡于经者，文虽善，不与也。虽以此二者忤物速谤，终不为动。光人龚伯璲，以才俊为马祖常所喜，祖常为御史中丞，伯遂游其门，祖常亟称之，欲集为荐引，集不可，曰:"是子虽小有才，然非远器，亦恐不得令终。"祖常犹未以为然。一日，邀集过其家，设宴，酒半，出荐牍求集署，集固拒之，祖常不乐而罢。文宗崩，集在告，欲谋南还，弗果。幼君崩，大臣将立妥欢帖穆尔太子，用至大故事，召诸老臣赴上都议政，集在召列。祖常使人告之曰:"御史有言。"乃谢病归临川。

初，文宗在上都，将立其子阿剌忒纳答剌为皇太子，乃以妥欢帖穆尔太子乳母夫言，明宗在日，素谓太子非其子，黜之江南，驿召翰林学士承旨阿邻帖木儿、奎章阁大学士忽都鲁笃弥实书其事于《脱卜赤颜》，又召集使书诏，播告中外。时省台诸臣，皆文宗素所信用、同功一体之人，御史亦不敢斥言其事，意在讽集速去而已。伯璲后以用事败，杀其身，世乃服集知人。

元统二年，遣使赐上尊酒、金织文锦二，召还禁林，疾作不能行，屡有敕，即家撰文，褒锡勋旧、侍臣。有以旧诏为言者，帝不怿曰:"此我家事，岂由彼书生耶!"至正八年五月己未，以病卒，年七十有七。官自将仕郎十二转为通奉大夫。赠江西行中书省参知政事、护军，封仁寿郡公。

集孝友，方二亲以故家令德，中遭乱亡，侨寓下邑，左右承顺无违。弟盘，早卒，教育其孤，无异己子。兄采，以筦库输赋京师，亏数千缗，尽力营贷代偿之，无难色。抚庶弟，嫁孤妹，具有恩意。山林之士知古学者，必折节下之，接后进，虽少且贱，如敌己。当权门赫奕，未尝有所附丽。集议中书，正言谠论，多见容受，屡以片言解疑误，出人于滨死，亦不以为德。张珪、赵世延尤敬礼之，有所疑必咨焉。

家素贫，归老后食指益众，登门之士相望于道，好事争起邸舍以待之。然碑板之文，未尝苟作。南昌富民有伍真父者，赀产甲一方，娶诸王女为妻，充本位下郡总管。既卒，其子属丰城士甘悫求集文铭父墓，奉中统钞五百锭准礼物，集不许，悫愧叹而去。其束修羔雁之入，还以为宾客费，虽空乏弗恤也。

集学虽博洽，而究极本原，研精探微，心解神契，其经纬弥纶之妙，一寓诸文，蔼然庆历乾淳风烈。尝以江左先贤甚众，其人皆未易知，其学皆未易言，后生晚进知者鲜矣，欲取太原元好问《中州集》遗意，别为《南州集》以表章之，以病目而止。平生为文万篇，稿存者十二三。早岁与弟盘同辟书舍为二室，左室书陶渊明诗于壁，题曰陶庵，右室书邵尧夫诗，题曰邵庵，故世称邵庵先生。子四人，安民，以荫历官知吉州路安福州。游其门见称许者，莆田陈旅，旅亦有文行世。国学诸生若苏天爵、王守诚辈，终身不名他师，皆当世称名卿者。其交游尤厚者，曰范梈。

 Paul Mauriat's History

Yuji is a grandson of Yuyuwen V, Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. His father Yuji was a former Huanggang Captain. After the death of the Song Dynasty, he moved to Chongren, Linchuan (now Jiangxi Province). His mother was the daughter of Yang Wenzhong, the son of China, who offered sacrifices to wine. All ancestors are famous for literature. Yu Ji was born in Hengyang, Hunan, on February 20, 1272, in Xianchun, the eighth year of the Southern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Song Dynasty, soldiers and soldiers were disturbed. In order to avoid the war, he moved with his father to Chongren, the second capital of Jiangxi (now Shizhuang Township).

Yu Ji is intelligent from childhood. He knows how to read when he is 3 years old. When he is 4 years old, his mother Yang dictates the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Zuo Zhuan and the famous writings of Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi. He can recite them after listening to them. At the age of 9, he was already familiar with the main tenet of Confucian classics. At the age of 14, Wu Cheng, a famous Neo-Confucian scholar, had a better understanding of the Confucian world outlook. After the unification of the whole country in the Yuan Dynasty, Yu Ji first taught in the prefecture of Dong Shi in Taichung, Jiangxi Province.

Yuan Chengzong Dade first year (1297), Yuji Dadu (now Beijing).

Dade 6 years (1302), was recommended to Beijing as a Confucian Professor of Dadu Road. Soon after, he was an assistant to Guozi. He is self-reliant in teaching and learning, and has a growing reputation as a scholar.

In the first year of Huangqing (1312), Yuan Renzong took office and Yu Ji was appointed Dr. Taichang and compiled by Jixian College. He was appreciated by Renzong for his insightful comments on school education.

Yanyou Six Years (1319), compiled for the Hanlin Standing System and the National Academy of History, Jixian.

In the first year of Taiding (1324), he was the head of Guozi and then the Secretary and junior supervisor.

In the fourth year of Taiding (1327), he accompanied Emperor Taiding to Shangdu, where he explained Confucian classics in Mongolian and Chinese. The Minister of Shangdu was convinced by his broad knowledge of the past and the present. When Emperor Taiding was emperor, he was promoted to Bachelor of Hanlin Zhi and son of the state to offer wine. He suggested that the coastal land in the east of Beijing should be reclaimed by the people and dikes should be built to prevent water from flooding in. This will not only increase tax revenue year by year, but also enable tens of thousands of people to gather around the Beijing Normal University and strengthen the strength to defend it. Although these propositions were not adopted, Haikou later set up a plan of ten thousand households, that is to say, to adopt them. Wen Zong knew Yu Ji before he took the throne. After he took the throne, he ordered him to be a Bachelor of Arts in Kui Zhangge. The purpose of this article is to compile the rules and regulations of this dynasty, imitate the "Tang and Song Huiyao", compile the "Jingshi Dadian", and appoint Zhao Shiyan as president of Pingzhang. After Zhao Shiyan left office, Yu Ji was solely responsible for it. Yu Ji painstakingly and painstakingly read two years, compiled in the second year of Zhishun (1331), a total of 880 volumes, is an important material for the study of the history of the Yuan Dynasty. After the completion of the book, Wen Zong ordered him to serve as a lecturer and doctor for Hanlin. He begged for a foreign post on the grounds of eye diseases, but was not allowed to do so. It was not until the death of Wen Zong and Youjun Ningzong that they were able to return to Chongren.

On May 23, 1348, Yuji died of illness. Presentation of Jiangxi provincial counsellors, pursuit of Renshou County Gong, the nickname "Wenjing".

Major Achievements

Folding Literature

poetry

Yuji Su has a negative literary name. Song Lian said in the preface of Liu Dai Zhai Wen Ji: "Since the Tianli calendar, the only clans in China are Yongyu Gong Bosheng, Yuzhang Jie Gong Manshuo, Wushang Huang Gong Jinqing and Gong (Liu Guan). A man of knowledge is a famous saying. Song Shen's "Mantang Shuo Shi" said: "In the early Yuan Dynasty, the Jinyuan School was attacked, with inquiry as the bulk, and later called Yu, Yang, Fan, Jie". Another example is Shen Deqian's "Saying Poetry" cloud: "Yu, Yang, Fan, Jie four poems are antagonistic to each other. Among them, the most important is the old officials of the Han Dynasty. "

Yu Ji said, "Zhonghong's poems are like those of a hundred warriors, Fan Bian's poems are like those of Linjin Tie of Tang Dynasty, Manshuo's poems are like beautiful hairpin flowers, and his own poems are like"old officials of Han Dynasty". It is said that Jie Nisi was not happy to hear such a comment, because Jie Nisi's poems were written with great importance. Yu Ji's poems show strong national consciousness. In his poem "Elegying Prime Minister", Wen Tianxiang, a loyal minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, was filled with mourning for his unyielding death, so that some people said, "It's a few wishes to read this poem without crying!" The words were fluent and wandering. Another poem, "From Brother De Guanfu and Jitong to Yingzhou Mansion Jun, Song Dynasty died in seclusion without official service, gathered to Wumen Tomb, visited Brother Han's ruins from his relatives and said,"Where did I break my family because of my country and live in cold lips and teeth"? Who did I write it for? Unknowingly, I chanted it, because it formed a chapter, and concurred with its hidden meaning cloud", also reveals the same. Thoughts and feelings. In the poem Zhao Qianli Xiaojing, he said that "the remaining clouds and wild waters have lasted for three hundred years" also means to condole the death of the Song Dynasty. Yu Jisheng died in the Song Dynasty at the age of two, but because of the tension of ethnic relations in the Yuan Dynasty, he showed his national consciousness in his works.

Some of Yu Ji's poems also refer to people's livelihood hardships, such as "The Second Rhyme of Chenxi Mountain", "Qijuxuan" and so on. In addition, he was quite dissatisfied with the policy of national hatred and killing pursued by the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. More of his poems are works with promised remuneration and vague content. Yu Ji grew up in a period of social peace and tranquility, and his poems were generally written in a clear and distant way. One School of Chengping meteorology, such as "Titleless" poetry expresses a hazy realm, "Wen Ji Wei" presents elegant and light pictures, "La Ri Idol Title", "Listening to Rain" and "Palace Ci" give people a peaceful and quiet impression. Yu Ji's poetry style is stern and its rhythm is perfect.

Word

Yu Ji has written more than 10,000 poems and articles in his lifetime, but there are only over 20 poems and articles in his poems. Most of them describe personal feelings of leisure and sorrow, lack of social life content, and the description of scenery is plain and featureless. However, in Feng Jinsong, the "Red Sleeve of Painting Hall leans on Qing Po" is noticeable. One of them says, "Apricot Blossom Spring Rain is in the south of the Yangtze River", and delineates the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River. Look attractive. Apricot Blossom Spring Rain was renovated with Lu You's poetry. It is said that Chen Lu and Zhang Qiyan, the poets at the same time, appreciated the word. At that time, the machine shop also knitted it on Luo Tie for people to enjoy as a work of art.

Prose

Yu Ji's proses are mostly written in official circles, praising dignitaries and advocating Neo-Confucianism. At that time, most of the books of the imperial court of the Zongmiao and the inscriptions of the Duke and Marquis were written by him. But there are also some letters and biographical articles which show the author's thoughts and temperaments. For example, Chen Di's biography wrote about Chen Di, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, who died in Changzhou and praised his loyalty. Another example is the Answer to Liu Guiyin's Book, which praises Liu's failure to serve as an official and praises him for "frost dries up and pine and cypress withers, gravel eliminates and gold shines alone". Here, the praise of the people loyal to the Zhao and Song Dynasties and the national consciousness he expressed in his poems are interlinked.

Yu Ji also has some proses to express his political ideal and profound understanding of social and human physics. "Haiqiao Theory" emphasizes the principle of "cook to nourish the virtuous, and push it to make the whole world have its nourishment" and "Doctor said to bestow Yi Jin" emphasizes that doctors should have a kind heart, and so on.

Folding Sanqu

Yu Ji's Sanqu is now the only song in the collection, which is highly praised by the predecessors. Yuan Tao Zongyi's "Dropping Farming Record" said that "although entertaining for a while, it is far beyond human beings." Wu Mei's "Gu Quyi Talk" said: "The morality of Mr. Yu Ji's article shines for thousands of years, and gives the rest of the thread. Especially, it can work wonderfully. Talented about genius, it is rare. This kind of"short column"sentence, since Yuan Dynasty, has rarely been harmony. Only in Xu Tianchi's"Four Sound Apes", it was once imitated, but later it was not the same." Wang Jilie's Bachelor Yu's Collection of Guiling chants about the Han Dynasty in Shu. The whole article uses a short column, which is wonderful and natural. "

Folding Calligraphy

Yu Ji's calligraphy was also well-known at that time, which was quite charming to Jin Dynasty people. The handed down works include the running book Baiyun Master Tie, which is his later work. Calligraphy is full of lines and strokes. If the words are continuous, the calligraphy is dangerous and vigorous and elegant. As Wang Shizhen said, "Use your pen like grass, but you are strong. "Moyuan Huiguan Calligraphy Volume and Sanyutang Calligraphy and Painting Bibliography are recorded.

Water conservancy

Yu Ji once lectured for Renzong in his spare time. He talked about the dangerous voyage of the Beijing Normal University relying on sea transportation to deliver grain in the southeastern region. It was a serious loss of people's power. He then said, "The thousands of miles of the east coast of the Beijing Normal University are wasteland with reeds growing in the north, from Liaohai Sea to Qingzhou and Qizhou. The tide is alluvial everyday. It has long been silted up as a fertile land for cultivation. If Zhejiang people use the method of building dykes to block the tide and turn them into arable land, and let the rich people who want to be officials take these fields separately, the government stipulates that if they can find 10,000 people to cultivate their fields, they will give him 10,000 people to be the head of 10,000 people; the following 1,000 people and 100 people will do the same. Looking at his results within three years, the court levied a fixed tax according to the fertility of the land and levied it according to the grade. After five years, if he could save money, he was appointed as an official and his savings as salary. Ten years later, he was given a letter of Fujie, which enabled him to pass on to his descendants. In this way, tens of thousands of militias will be able to defend the capital division internally and pirates externally, and the people can rest without relying on sea transportation in the southeast, and with the help of the rich's mentality of seeking official support, the capital division will be provided with sufficient food, and the people who are traveling around will have a legitimate home and will not naturally become pirates. "

But because the reviewers disagreed, the matter could not be resolved.

personal works

He has 50 volumes of Ancient Records of Taoist Garden Studies and 50 volumes of Classic Drafts of Taoist Gardens, and Yu Wen Jinggong's Poems Collection (also known as Yu Bosheng's Poems).

Character Evaluation

Overall review of folding

Yuji has a profound knowledge, can study the very origin, research and explore. Being good at Neo-Confucianism, he was one of the four outstanding Confucians in Yuan Dynasty. He believed that moral education was the fundamental task of the state, and the selection of talents must be respected by all. Neo-Confucianism should run through refinement and vulgarity. As the leader of the literary circle in the middle of Yuan Dynasty, poetry and prose are well-known. Wenduo advocated Confucian tradition, Neo-Confucianism and Yuanmu. The style of poetry is elegant and precise, the rhythm is rigorous, deep and implicit, vertical and horizontal without hindrance. His poetry style is sophisticated and sophisticated in refinement and elegance. It has various genres and is good at seven ancient times and seven rhythms. It has the same name as Yang Zai, Fan Ban and Jie Xisi. It is known as Yu, Yang, Fan and Jie, and is one of the four great poets of Yuan Dynasty. For a time, the imperial court's magnificent brochure made more efforts. In his poems, there are many works concerning the landscape, customs and human feelings of Fuzhou's native land.

Evaluation of Folding in Past Dynasties

Love to educate Li Bali Bada: Confucians have used it all, but Yu Bosheng did not show up.

Tuthmur: What can you do? You can't go now.

Lin Bi: Zhao Wenmin and Yu Wenjing Wenhan are famous in modern times.

Song Lian: Since the Tianli calendar, there have been only four clans in China: Yongyu Gong Bosheng, Yu Zhang Jie Gong Manshuo, Wu Shang Huang Gong Jinqing and Gong (Liu Guan). A wise man thinks a famous saying.

Fan Shengzhi: Jia Sheng's public order, the wrong military affairs, Jiang Tong's migration are the greatest paintings of all ages, Li Junhou's Tuntian, Lu Bosheng's reclamation villa and Pingjiang Bo's canal transportation are also the paintings of a generation. Li Yunze built a nursery for floating slaughter, and Fan Wenzheng and Fu Zhenggong rescued famine, which was a temporary painting. If the painting is extremely perfect, then the human feelings will agree. If the law is made in heaven, it will flow like water.

Zhu Shi: The famous talents of Yuan Dynasty are only concentrated in the best economy. If we look at the counties of Qizhou, we can't help but think about them. The idea of building dikes and reclaiming fields is a good rule for all generations. At that time, when the terrorists did something, the government ended by bribery. If there is a rule of law, there is no rule of law, don't you believe in your husband?

Ke Mao: Good people in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, elegant in their actions, straightforward in their discussions and clear in their political affairs, are well-known officials of the Taiwanese cabinet. They are not only good at literature.

Historical Records

Yu Ji, Bosheng, Yu Yunwen, Prime Minister of Song Dynasty, Sun Ya of the fifth generation. Great-grandfather Gangjian was sentenced for Lizhou Road, and he has achieved good results. Linqiong Wei Weng, Fan Zhongfu and Li Xin of Chengdu passed down from generation to generation, lecturing outside the east gate of Shu, getting Cheng's and Zhu's micro-purpose, wrote The Analects of the Book of Changes, in order to invent its meaning, Shu teachers respect it. Zu Juan, known as Zhilianzhou, is also famous for his literature. Father Ji, Lieutenant Huang Gang. When the Song Dynasty died, Chongren lived in Linchuan, and became friends with Wu Cheng, who called him Wenqing and mellow. After a visit to the Beijing Normal University, the redeemers returned to their captives by more than ten mouths, and the family benefited the poor. Later, he started his career as a professor among the students and was praised by Luyi and Ouyang Xuan. He was appointed as an editor of Hanlin Academy. Marry Yang, the son of the state to sacrifice Wen Zhongnu. In Xianchun, Wen Zhong kept his balance and prayed for Nanyue in order to learn from it and have no son. When Wen Zhongcheng got up in the morning and sat in his clothes while he was sleeping, he dreamed of a soldier coming forward and the toothsoldiers said, "Real people from Nanyue come to see me." "It's quite different to see a man in a nephew's house.

When he was three years old, he knew how to read books. When he was Yihai, his family went out of the mountains. There were no books to carry in the Gange. Yang dictated the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Zuo's Biography and Ou Suwen, which he heard and recited. Compared with Changsha, when you start to get a block-printed copy, you have read all the sutras and have a clear understanding of their righteousness. Wen Zhongshi was a famous writer in Spring and Autumn Period, and his younger brothers and younger brothers participated in political affairs and learned from the theory of nature. Yang's family was in the room, that is to say, they were all working families. When they came out, they were given the original commission by Qijiazi from Wu Chengyou.

Zuo Cheng Dong Shi was selected from Taichung Cheng and Yanji Jiaxue in Jiangxi Province except for the South trip. At the beginning of Dade, it began at Jingshi. The minister recommended him to teach Confucianism at Dadu Road. Although he took training as his post, he enriched himself and lost a lot of time. Except for Guozi's assistant teaching, that is to say, he takes his own responsibility as a teacher and retires when he is a student. Every time he tries to graduate from the university, his librarians are able to collect benefits at various rates. Ding Neiqian, take it out, then be an assistant, except for a doctor. In the prison temple, there are Liu Sheng, who is impolite by drinking between tomatoes and beans, gathering words among the prisoners, please cut down his place of residence. The ministers who thanked Liu Shengxie could not gather together and said, "Chinese learning, where etiquette and righteousness come out, why should we teach?" Renzong gathered in the Eastern Palace, preached decrees, and did not do anything about it. He gathered Liu Sheng's impertinence and moved Zhan Shiyuan to depose Liu Sheng, and Renzong took collecting as his virtue.

Dachengdian newly bestowed Song and Music. Its teacher lived in the south of the Yangtze River. Music students were all people in the fields of Hebei Province. Their emotions were incompetent. They gathered their relatives to teach them and then compose a song. Please set up a Sile to take charge of it, so as to correct it. Renzong assumed the throne, instructed supervisors, and worshipped Taichen as a sacrificial drink. Except for Wu Chengshiye, they all wanted to change their opinions and praised them with Deputy emperor's will. Those who have different opinions and are frustrated will be thrown into the open air, and those who have different opinions will be saved from illness. Before long, besides Dr. Taichang, the prime minister worshiped his residence as his courtyard envoy. He learned from the collection of questions about ritual utensils and sacrifices, the collection was made for the sake of the ancestors, and the reasons for the ancient and modern revolutions and disorders. He worshiped and sighed. It was useful for the believers.

The imperial court used imperial examinations to select scholars. The speaker said that peace could be achieved, while centralization and independence could be the source of governance. Migrate the virtuous to compose. Because of the conference school, it is said that "there are many good teachers who stand taoism, and the school and the scholar are taught, so that those who become virtuous and talented are also taught. Today, the next officer is conferred by qualifications and imposed on the students. The name is Shier, which is believed by Sfo, and the students and apprentices are believed by Sfo, which is not helpful to the school. Such a view of the establishment of the teacher's way is possible? People in Xiaoyi, Xiazhou, have nothing to see or hear, so their father and brother guide their children. At first, there is no need to be the true meaning of learning. The travelling of teachers and friends does not distinguish between their evil and righteousness. However, the so-called talented people do not descend from the sky and have a promising reason. For today's sake, we should not make those who abide by orders and seek wisdom and practice virtue and respect their teachers. The most sincere and compassionate way to achieve it is to virtualize it and to have a general sense of it. Secondly, they should keep the Confucian Confucian Confucian Confucian Confucian classics and righteous teachers, but dare not be fantastic. They are respected by all, but not those who are willing to be local. On the day they are delayed, they should recite their books so that scholars can learn them, write them in their ears, and use their original books as their starting points. Secondly, the argumentative art of those who returned from the village tribute to the capital division was enough to stir up their people, not if they knew nothing about it in general. "For six years, besides Hanlin, he was also editor of the National Academy of History. Ren Zongtang sighed right and left and said, "Confucians have used it all, but Yu Bosheng did not show up." "It's no use driving.

Yingzong took the throne and worshiped him as the prime minister. He was quite good at using Xianjun. He paid attention to the south of the Yangtze River with his worries. It's not enough to say that when you send an envoy to Shu, you can't see it; if you ask for Jiangxi, you can't see it; if you send an envoy to Wuzhong, a tomb in Jifang Province, you can't see it. At the beginning of Taiding, the Ministry of Examination Rites said in the same line: "The law of national subjects, the various classics annotated have their own owners, will be a moral, common customs, not to make scholars specialize in, such as the modern five classics of the poor. The Bible is far-reaching, not one person's view can be exhausted. It is not necessary to have an idea before trying out a piece of writing. If you make up your mind first, you will be narrow-minded in seeking wisdom, but the difference will start from then on. "Later, he will be the examiner, and he will be the leader of the examiner. Therefore, he will be entitled to every person he takes.

At the beginning of Taiding, except Guozi, he moved his secretary to a junior supervisor. The Son of Heaven was fortunate enough to go to the capital. How old was he as a lecturer. He set his destiny to attend the Bachelor's King Jixian in order to follow sutras. The system of banquet, which is based on the history of Confucian classics and is read in both Chinese and Mandarin, is not easy for the scholar Chen Sheng, who has suffered from the illness of his husband, to do his utmost. It means that it is especially difficult for the scholar of the current affairs to choose the best one for each occasion. In a few days, it becomes an article, which is collected to repeat the distinction between ancient and modern things, and then it can be used without hesitation. What is achieved is not equal to what is achieved, and it never stops sighing. Bachelor of Byhan Linzhi, Russian and Son of Russia, offering wine. Let's just say that Beijing Shi relied on the southeast to transport grain. He tried his best to sail unexpectedly, not so far-sighted people but because of local advantages. He said with his colleagues, "The east of the Beijing Normal University is thousands of miles from the sea, the Liaohai Sea in the Arctic, the Qing and Qi seashore in the south, and the field of reeds in the south. The tide is coming and silting is fertile soil. By the way of Zhejiang people, they build dykes to defend water as fields. They listen to the rich people who want to be officials. They can divide land among their audiences, limit their banks by their officials, and grant the fields of ten thousand husbands and the fields of ten thousand husbands as the elders of ten thousand husbands." It is easy to look at the lazy. One year, no levy; two years, no levy; three years, depending on its success, according to the height of the land, the quota in the court, followed by gradual levy; five years, there is savings, ordered to be an official, then stored to Elu; ten years, wearing the symbol, can be passed on to descendants, such as officers'law. Tens of thousands of militias in the East can guard the Beijing division and Waiyudaoyi; transport far and wide southeast to relieve the people; then enrich the people's aspirations to be officials, and use them; River and sea predators and thieves, and so on, all have their own destiny. "It is agreed that the speaker believes that if there is such a system, the Deacon will pay bribes instead of bribes. Everything goes to bed. Thereafter, the establishment of ten thousand households in Haikou was roughly the same.

Wen Zong is in the hidden residence, known as Ji Name, which is in power, and Ming Ji still serves as a banquet. In Wu and Yue, the tombs of ancestors were annihilated for a long time, and the emperor said, "Why can't you go now? "Bachelor of Arts, except Kui Zhangge. When the people died of hunger and starvation in Guanzhong, the emperor asked why he had saved the people hundreds of miles away. He said, "Chengdu is a long time, people are happy, people with lofty ideals are anxious for quick results, but they resent and rejoice." In the aftermath of the catastrophe, the honest gentleman will make a new opportunity for governance. If one or two people with benevolence and knowledge of civil affairs are sent out, and their prohibitions are lenient, so that they can do something, choose the people available with the county or county, because of the old people's location, Dingguo, Xiuli, governing ditches, restricting Mu and mu, making small expropriations, recruiting the disabled, the old and the weak, and gradually governing them with their strength, they will come back far away. Gradually, spring ploughing and autumn convergence are all helpful. When you are one or two years old, don't ask for help. The feudal territory is just and friendly. All sides of the feudal territory come in one square. If you have the law, three generations of people will see out of the empty wilderness. "The emperor praises the good. As he entered, he said, "Fortunately, there will be those who will repay the court in three or five years if they try to do this. "Right and left said:" Yu Bo wanted to go here. "That's all. There are no more than three part-time jobs, exempt the son of state from offering wine.

The emperor's general and strategist in the court were appointed to read the books. They formulated strategies to improve the situation. The first one was to "persuade relatives, courtiers, the same customs, and the harmony of all nations", but the emperor did not need them. Set to serve Yan leisurely, useless current affairs, and many jealous people, but with the University Bachelor Kutulu Duer lost and so on, said: "Your Majesty is unique, build Kuizhang Pavilion, read books, buy bachelor's students, for consultants. Officials and other reserve officers, but no supplement, there are fears of tired Shengde, begging Rongchen resignation. "The Emperor said:" My ancestors were wise and wise, and they were born in the way of reasoning, and they knew that it was difficult for me to travel as early as possible. How could we know that my ancestors did not have the knowledge of life and how to govern the state? Therefore, Kui Zhang Ge set up the academicians to learn from their ancestors'wisdom and to govern the chaos in the past, and then Chen Yuqin and other acquaintances to supplement my aspirations. If the military airplane service is appointed by its own provincial courtyard, it is not the responsibility of the Qing Dynasty. Do not resign. "

The purpose is to collect the allusions of this dynasty, imitate the Huiyao of Tang and Song dynasties, revise the Jingshi Dadian, and appoint Zhao Shiyan as the president of Pingzhang, Zhongshu. Epilogue: "The Ministry of Rites Shang Shu Ma Zuchang, many old chapters, the son of the State Department Yeung Zongrui, known as the history of geographical records, can be consulted; Hanlin Xie Duan, should be in accordance with the Soviet Emperor, Taichang Li Haowen, Guozi Assistant Professor Chen Lu, the former Zhanshi Academy to grind Song Qiuzi, Wang Shidian of the General Service, all known, can help to write records. It's almost an early book. "The emperor tried his life to repair Liao, Jin and Song dynasties, but he did not achieve any success. The Dadian made the bachelor's degree in Dage dictate it. For those who have not prepared the stories of the Republican Dynasty, please refer to the deeds of Baisi in the record of the ancestors of the Xiuzu of the Hanlin National Academy of History. The Minister of the Imperial Academy said to Emperor Yu: "True records, laws can not be passed on outside, and deeds should not be shown. "Also please use the National Book Tuobu Chiyan to update the deeds of Taizu since then. The purpose of the tower is to lose the Hague and say:" Tuobu Chiyan can not be passed on by outsiders. "That's all. When Russia returned, he gathered all his consuls and read the old books, all of them were 800 pieces. To advance, to dismiss with a diseased eye, and to refuse to accept, is to serve Shimazu as a scholar for his own generations, not to report.

Zhao Shi'an, a prime minister in Imperial history, said during his visit: "Yu Bo lived in Beijing for a long time. He was very poor and ill. Fortunately, he took a leave of absence and went to the doctor's office. "Emperor angrily said:" One Yu Bosheng, you generation can not be allowed to! "Emperor direction with literature, to gather knowledge, all should not be done, at a time, the great book salty out its hand, so listen to it. Every time an imperial edict has been written, it must be calmly satirized by the way of emperor and the reason of governing errors, hoping to have insights, inherit the gains and losses of consultants and politics from ancient to modern times, and especially make full use of the words or admonish according to the rules of the matter, so as to say nothing. Respond or disagree, go home is not happy. Family members dare not ask why. Generations

At the beginning, in Shangdu, Wenzong made his son Aktenada the prince of the emperor. In the Ming Dynasty, he said that the prince was not his son, but his mother-in-law. In the south of the Yangtze River, he sent for Hanlin scholars to accept the orders of Ah-Neighbor Timur and Kui-zhangge University scholar Kutulu Du-mei, which were based on Tuobu Chiyan, and also called for the imperial edicts. Announcement at home and abroad. The governors of Taiwan and the provinces, all of whom are credited by Wen Zongsu and have the same merit, dare not reprimand the imperial history, just to satirize the speed of the gathering. After Bo Ju defeated and killed him, the world served the intellectuals.

In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, envoys were sent to honor wine, brocade brocade and brocade, and to call back the forbidden forests. They were unable to do anything with illness. They often wrote articles at home, praised the old and honored their courtiers. There were those who spoke of the old imperial edict, and the Emperor did not say, "Should this be the scholar of my family?" By May of the eighth year, he had not died of illness, seventy-seven years old. Officials transformed Shilang Twelve into Tongfeng Doctor. Giving Jiangxi Xingzhongshu Provincial Counselors and Guards, Fengren Shoujun Gong.

Set filial friends, Fang's parents with their old family Lingde, in the middle of the riot, overseas Chinese live in Xiayi, right and left to comply with no violation. Disciples, early death, educate their loneliness, no different son. Brother Cai, who lost thousands of money to the Beijing Teachers through the Kuku, tried his best to compensate them with loans. It is benevolent to marry an orphan sister. A scholar who knows the ancient times in the mountains and forests must break down and make progress, though few and cheap, like an enemy or an enemy. In power, there is no beauty attached to it. In the book of the assembly, the correct words and criticisms are often tolerated. They often explain doubts and misunderstandings with slices of words. They are not considered virtuous when they are born on the shore. Zhang Qi and Zhao Shiyan respectfully expressed doubts.

Family is poor, after returning to old age, the index finger will benefit the people. Those who go to the door look at the Tao, and good things fight for their homes. However, the inscription on the tablet has not been meticulously written. The rich people in Nanchang had Wu Zhenfu, who was the first party to give birth to a family, married the kings and daughters as wives and served as the prefectural governor. As soon as he died, his son was a Fengcheng scholar who was willing to seek the tomb of Jiwen's father. He was allowed to collect 500 ingots of money from the central government and left with shame. Its bundle of lambs and geese, but also thought that the guest fee, although empty also.

Although the collection of scholarship is extensive and harmonious, it is extremely original, meticulous, and spiritual understanding. Its meridian and latitude are wonderful, and it contains all kinds of writings, which warmly celebrates the Qianchun style and vigor of the calendar. There are a lot of sages in Jiangzuo, whose learning is not easy to say, and few later generations are late learners. They want to take Taiyuan Yuan's wishes to ask about Zhongzhou Collection, not Nanzhou Collection. In his life, he wrote ten thousand articles, and his manuscripts were saved twelve or three times. Early and disciple Tongpi bookstore for the second room, left ventricular book Tao Yuanming poems in the wall, titled Tao'an, right room book Shao Yaofu poems, titled Shao'an, later known as Mr. Shao'an. Four sons, peace of mind, to Yinli official know Jizhou Lu'an Fuzhou. Visitors to their doors are applauded by Chen Lu of Putian, who also has a literary career. All the students of traditional Chinese learning, such as Tianjue Ruosu and Wang Shoucheng, are known as Qing people in the world. His friendship is especially thick, called Fan Bian.