张宗苍(1686-1756),字默存,一字墨岑,号篁村,吴县(今江苏苏州)人,乾隆时任内廷供奉,官户部主事。尤其擅长绘画,高宗弘历南巡视时,他以吴中十六景册进呈,称旨。画家流传的其他作品还有《万木奇峰图》等。
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公元l751年,乾隆皇帝南巡,张宗苍进献了画册《吴中十六景》,深得乾隆皇帝的欣赏,后来进入清宫廷画院供奉,为宫廷作画,是乾隆时期一位重要的宫廷画家。清代宫廷绘画在清代绘画史上有着重要的地位,特别是乾隆时期,设立了如意馆广收人才,创作了很多纪实、历史故事、宗教及装饰题材的作品,具有特殊的历史与艺术价值,在乾隆一朝的宫廷画家中,张宗苍是很重要的一位。张宗苍的山水画,画风苍劲,用笔沉着。山石皴法多以干笔积累,林木之间使用淡墨,干笔和皴擦的手法相结合,表现出了深远的意境和深厚的气韵,一洗宫廷画院惯有的甜熟柔媚的习气,特别被乾隆皇帝所喜爱。
《山水图》此图以淡设色的方法画湖光水色,崇山叠嶂。画的上端,平湖舒广,远山连绵;右侧群峰巍峨,山势险峻,瀑布高悬;点缀在其间的茂树,错落有致,苍翠繁茂,好一派生机盎然之景。近处,岗峦洲渚,坡石草亭,悠人荡舟,小泉流淌,又给人一种恬淡宁静之感。连接远近之山的一片高林密树间,云雾横滞,则给这灵山幽谷平添了几分灵动的韵味。
画面近景中坡石林立,杂树遍山,虽姿态各异,却都焕发出顽强的活力,显现着向上奋争的力量。一条山间小路顺着错叠的山坡蜿蜒而上,经过山道边的草亭,伸向密林消失在云烟雾色中,把观者带入幽境。隔云雾、树林,铺排一片广阔平静江面的构图,把画面推远,那水天一色、苍茫辽远、一望无垠的高远构图,也自然烘托出天高云淡的气势。那顺崖直下的悬瀑,仿佛重重地跌入山谷,又形成溪流顺着高低起伏的山石缓缓流淌而来,潺潺汇入江流中。远江近水的自然承接,沟通了画面的气脉。湖面上,一舟楫正泊于山崖之下,船头有一人,他身穿长袍宽衣,显然不是渔民,大概是一位隐匿山林、超凡脱俗的雅士吧!他倾斜着身体,正抬头观望,身临于这郁茂清幽的夏山之中,倾听着那远瀑近泉交错之音,悠然自得间忘却了行船。
此画为竖构图,布局巧妙,层次井然,疏密有致。用笔稳重健劲,笔墨枯润苍郁;山石用荷叶皴皴画而成,再以焦墨点苔,稍加淡赭晕染。笔情墨韵之间自得苍郁秀雅之气。另外,画面左下署款:"臣张宗仓恭绘。"钤两方印;左上方有乾隆壬申初伏御题七绝三首。钤有乾隆帝"三希堂精鉴宝"、"宜子孙"和清仁宗颙琰的"嘉庆御览之宝"等印,说明此图曾藏于清内府。
《石渠宝笈》收录了他的116幅作品,很多作品上都有乾隆皇帝的题诗。 初以主簿理河工事。善画,山水出黄鼎之门,用笔沈著,山石皴法多以乾笔积累,林木间亦用淡墨,乾擦凑合,神气颇觉葱蔚可观。乾隆十六年(一七五一)高宗南巡,以吴中十六景画册进呈,称旨。命入都祗候内廷。十九年(一七五四)授户部主事。年七十一卒於家。
Zhang Zongcang (1686-1756), word silent deposit, the word ink Cen, No. Koson, Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), Qianlong when the inner court worship, the main ministry. Particularly good at painting, Gaozong Hong tour of the South, he Wuzhong sixteen landscape into the show, said the purpose. Other works that the painter spreads are "Wanmu Qifeng figure" and so on.
In l751, Emperor Qianlong's southern tour and Zhang Zongcang presented the album "Sixteen Kingdoms of Wuzhong", which won the admiration of Qianlong Emperor. Later, he entered the Qing court painting hall and was a court painter. Qing Dynasty palace painting has important status in the history of Qing Dynasty painting, especially during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it has established a lot of talented people, created a lot of documentary, historical stories, religious and decorative themes, with special historical and artistic value, In the Qianlong court painter, Zhang Zongcang is a very important one. Zhang Zongcang's landscape painting, painting vigorous, calm with a pen. The method of using the light ink, the dry pen and the rubbing technique in combination of the trees and the brushwork of the mountain and stone to express the deep artistic conception and the profound artistic charm, the custom of the sweet and familiar softness of the court Was Emperor Qianlong favorite.
"Landscape map" This map to light color method of painting the lake color, Chongshan stacked peaks. The top of the painting, Pinghu Shu Guang, distant mountains; the right towering peaks, steep mountains, waterfalls; dotted in the meantime the Mau, patchwork, lush green, good school of vitality. Near, Kong Luanzhouzhu, slope stone grass Pavilion, you boat, Koizumi flowing, and gives a tranquil and quiet feeling. The distance between the mountains close to a high forest dense trees, clouds and lags behind, then give this Ling Shan Glen added a bit Smart's charm.
Close to the scene in the slope of the stone forest, Zashu all over the mountain, although the different gestures, but all glow with tenacious vitality, showing upward struggle strength. A mountain path along the overlapping winding hillside meandering, after Hill Road side of the grass Pavilion, extending to the jungle disappeared in the cloud of smoke color, the viewer into the quiet environment. Separated by clouds, woods, the layout of a broad calm river surface composition, the picture pushed far, that water and sky color, vast and distant, an oasis of lofty composition, but also naturally express the days of high cloudy momentum. That the cliffs straight down the waterfall, as if falling heavily into the valley, but also the formation of streams along the ups and downs of the rocks slowly flowing from the gurgling into the river flow. Yuanjiang close to the natural water to undertake, to communicate the picture of the pulse. On the lake, a boat Ji is under the cliff, the bow of a man, he was wearing a long robe, is clearly not a fisherman, is a hiding forest, extraordinary refined Aston! He tilted the body, is looking up, Come to this Yu Mao quiet summer mountain, listening to the distant waterfall near spring staggered sound, leisurely forget the sailing.
This picture is vertical composition, clever layout, hierarchy, density have caused. Steady with a pen Jianjian, ink and dry Cangyu; rocks with lotus leaf Cuncu made from, and then to coke ink point moss, a little pale ocher blooming. The mood between the ink and ink rhyme from the Cang Yu Xiuya gas. In addition, the screen left lower section: "Zhang Zongcang Gong painted." Seal both sides of India; top left Qianlong Ren Shen Yu Fu Yu title three. Qianlong Emperor Qianlong Emperor Qianlong "Qianxi Jingjianbao", "Yi-sons" and Qing Ren Yong Yan's "Jiaqing Royal Treasures" and India, indicating that this figure has been hidden in the Qing House.
"Shiqu Baogu" contains his 116 works, many works have Qianlong Emperor's poem. At the beginning of the main river management fortifications. Good painting, the landscape out of the door of Huang Ding, a pen calm, mountain stone Cunfa more to dry pen accumulation between the trees also use light ink, dry wipe improvise, look quite onion Wei Wei considerable. Emperor Qianlong sixteen years (1751) Gaozong southern tour, in order to Wuzhong sixteen pictures into the book, said the purpose. Life is only waiting for the inner court. Nineteen years (1754) grant the Ministry of principal. Seventy-one died at home.
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