阿尔弗雷德顾宾作品

传记

顾宾出生在波西米亚Leitmeritz镇,奥匈帝国(现在Litoměřice)。从1892年到1896年,他的学徒风景摄影师阿洛伊斯啤酒,尽管他学习。在1896年,他在母亲的坟墓,自杀未遂和他短暂的第二年在奥地利军队的服役了神经衰弱。1898年,顾宾开始一段艺术研究在一所私立学院由画家路德维希Schmitt-Reutte,入学前的慕尼黑学院在1899年,没有完成他的学业。在慕尼黑,顾宾发现的作品Odilon贺东,爱德华•蒙克,詹姆斯·恩索,亨利•德•Groux,Felicien罗普。他是打印的深刻影响马克斯·科林格这里,回忆说:“一种新的艺术向我开放,提供免费为每一个可以想象的富有想象力的表达感觉的世界。之前雕刻了我发誓,我将把我的生命奉献给建立类似的作品”。的铜版画科林格和所使用的技术戈雅影响了他的作品的风格,这主要是墨水和洗图纸的幻想,常常令人毛骨悚然的科目。顾宾产生少量的油画在1902年和1910年之间,但此后他的输出包括钢笔和墨水图纸,水彩画,石版画。1911年,他成为相关数组和与他们在展出Galerie Der Sturm1913年在柏林。在这段时间之后,他与前卫艺术失去了联系。

顾宾被认为是一个重要的代表象征意义和表现主义光谱,以黑暗象征幻想,经常组装为主题的系列漫画。就像奥斯卡·Kokoschka和艾伯特巴黎局,顾宾都艺术和文学天赋。他的作品埃德加·爱伦·坡,霍夫曼,陀思妥耶夫斯基等等。顾宾也说明德国的幻想杂志Der Orchideengarten.^[3][4]顾宾的最著名的书是死安德利果汁Seite(另一方)(1909),一个奇妙的小说在一个压迫的土地。另一边的氛围导致幽闭恐怖症的荒谬让人想起的著作卡夫卡,羡慕死安德利果汁Seite。^[4][5]死的插图安德利果汁Seite最初用于的傀儡通过古斯塔夫Meyrink,但那本书被推迟顾宾相反工作他的插图在自己的小说。

从1906年直到他死,他过着撤回的生活在一个小城堡在12世纪的遗产Zwickledt上奥地利州。^[4]1938年,在联合奥地利和纳粹德国,他的工作被宣布entartete Kunst或“堕落艺术,"但他设法期间继续工作第二次世界大战.

荣誉和奖励

• 维也纳城视觉艺术奖(1950)
• 伟大的奥地利国家视觉艺术奖(1951)
• 奥地利对科学和艺术奖章(1957)
• 古斯塔夫•克里姆特徽章的名誉会员维也纳分裂

Biography

Kubin was born in Bohemia in the town of Leitmeritz, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Litoměřice). From 1892 to 1896, he was apprenticed to the landscape photographer Alois Beer, although he learned little. In 1896, he attempted suicide on his mother's grave, and his short stint in the Austrian army the following year ended with a nervous breakdown.^[1] In 1898, Kubin began a period of artistic study at a private academy run by the painter Ludwig Schmitt-Reutte, before enrolling at the Munich Academy in 1899, without finishing his studies there. In Munich, Kubin discovered the works of Odilon Redon, Edvard Munch, James Ensor, Henry de Groux, and Félicien Rops. He was profoundly affected by the prints of Max Klinger, and later recounted: "Here a new art was thrown open to me, which offered free play for the imaginative expression of every conceivable world of feeling. Before putting the engravings away I swore that I would dedicate my life to the creation of similar works". The aquatint technique used by Klinger and Goya influenced the style of his works of this period, which are mainly ink and wash drawings of fantastical, often macabre subjects.^[1] Kubin produced a small number of oil paintings in the years between 1902 and 1910, but thereafter his output consisted of pen and ink drawings, watercolors, and lithographs. In 1911, he became associated with the Blaue Reiter group, and exhibited with them in the Galerie Der Sturm in Berlin in 1913.^[2] After that time, he lost contact with the artistic avant-garde.

Kubin is considered an important representative of Symbolism and Expressionism and is noted for dark, spectral, symbolic fantasies, often assembled into thematic series of drawings. Like Oskar Kokoschka and Albert Paris Gütersloh, Kubin had both artistic and literary talent. He illustrated the works of Edgar Allan Poe, E.T.A. Hoffmann, andFyodor Dostoevsky, among others. Kubin also illustrated the German fantasy magazine Der Orchideengarten.^[3][4] The best known of Kubin's own books is Die andere Seite (The Other Side) (1909), a fantastic novel set in an oppressive imaginary land. The Other Side has an atmosphere of claustrophobic absurdity reminiscent of the writings of Franz Kafka, who admired Die andere Seite.^] The illustrations for Die andere Seite were originally intended for The Golem by Gustav Meyrink, but as that book was delayed Kubin instead worked his illustrations into his own novel.

From 1906 until his death, he lived a withdrawn life in a small castle on a 12th-century estate in Zwickledt, Upper Austria.In 1938, at the Anschluss of Austria and Nazi Germany, his work was declared entartete Kunst or "degenerate art," but he managed to continue working during World War II.