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张一尊

( 中国美术家协会会员 )

他自幼爱马,画马,学马叫,学马打滚,大家都叫他“马迷”。1922年从沅陵联中毕业后到长沙考入武卫军事学兵营。后从军,任过连长、营长、少校副官、中校主任、上校科长。

  • 中文名张一尊
  • 性别
  • 国籍中国
  • 民族汉族
  • 居住地湖南 长沙
  • 出生日期1902-01
  • 逝世日期1973-03-28
  • 职业美术家
  • 擅长花鸟
张一尊
艺术家张一尊简介

他自幼爱马,画马,学马叫,学马打滚,大家都叫他“马迷”。1922年从沅陵联中毕业后到长沙考入武卫军事学兵营。后从军,任过连长、营长、少校副官、中校主任、上校科长。1934年,国民党第四路军改编,被列为编外上校附员。编余在家,便专攻书法和绘画,得到两湖知名的石刻家黄铁庵指点后,进步更快。1937年,正准备去日本举办个人书画展览时,“七七”卢沟桥事变发生,取消东渡计划,被湖南省政府派往乾城任保安暂编团团长,后又兼沅陵防空少将副司令。周游全国各地名胜,专职画画,以画马和画山水著名,兼工诗词、书法。出版了《张一尊画臬》。在上海、南京、杭州、重庆、贵阳、桂林、长沙、衡阳等地举办过个人画展,有作品参加全国历届美展。虽未进过美术专门学校,但潜心研究古法,融精髓于一炉,推陈出新,不落前人棠臼。最为世人所称道的是,他画马时只用腹稿,常先画马尾,再画马身,后画马头,巧用笔墨,顷刻成画,神形兼备,寓神于形,栩栩如生。代表作有《三骏图》、《八骏图》、《万马奔腾》等,被誉为中国画马“四杰”之一,有“北徐(徐悲鸿)南张”美誉。解放后,曾任中国美术家协会会员、湖南省文联委员、湖南省美术工作者协会主席、中国美术家协会湖南省分会主席。1973年3月28日在长沙病逝,终年71岁。
张一尊,学名耀定,曾用名铁湘,1902年1月出生,湖南省乾城县(今吉首市)太平乡人,系湖南省知名画家。其祖父为清末秀才,父亲为自耕农,后转做商贩,家境较殷实
张自幼爱马,经常默立马旁如痴如醉观看,并喜用木棍在沙滩、院坝画马,人称“马迷”。因其聪明伶俐,得父支持入村办小学。1910年转乾州公立模范高小,课余自学绘画,尤喜画马。1918年秋考取湘西第八联合中学,该校坐落于沅陵县城最高处,晨钟暮鼓,风景如画。张身处此境,并得工笔画家王景川悉心指导,绘画技艺与日俱增。
1922年中学毕业,次年冬考取武卫军学兵营,受训半年后留武卫军任职。1926年5月调任湖南暂编第二师补充团上尉副官,8月部队改编后改任国民革命军独立第二师六旅上尉副官。北伐战争中随部攻克九江,进取南京,尔后转战江北讨伐孙传芳,参加了大小战役无数,于战事中升任连长、营附。国共分裂后一度失业,短暂任职于各处军阀。
1929年3月,张经人介绍任长沙警备司令部上尉参谋。旋调国民革命军第四路军总指挥部任少校副官,开赴广西讨伐桂系,在军中先后升任中校副官、上校科长。戎马之余,坚持泼墨挥毫,1931年8月在长沙与书画界人士发起组织“潇湘书画社”,先后举办过五次社员集体书画展览。1934年12月被编余离职,闲居家中作画,并得两湖知名石刻家黄铁庵指点,画艺日增,尔后在南京、衡阳举办个人画展两次。
1937年9月,乾城县为土匪龙云飞所陷,张由“湘西王”陈渠珍提名赴乾城接任保安暂编团团长,平定匪乱。次年1月率团开赴芷江改编为保安六旅十一团,2月调驻沅陵。时日寇空袭不断,张于6月奉命兼任沅陵防空少将副司令。1941年2月赴成都中央军校高教班第八期受训,入校不久即被停薪留职,乃于课余废寝忘食埋头作画。次年初集中画作60余幅,在重庆举办个人画展,得业界一致好评。闭展后正值结训,多次被邀回军队任职,然其不为所动,以患心脏病为由拒之。此后七年间,张周游全国各地名胜,心无旁骛专职作画,以画马和山水著称,兼工诗词、书法,在各大中小城市举办个人画展17次之多。
新中国成立后,张因长于国画,于1950年被聘为省文物保管委员会委员。1953年任湖南人民军政委员会参议室参议,1955年4月任湖南省人民委员会参事室参事。曾兼任中国美协会员、湖南省文联委员、湖南省美协主席等职,系湖南省第一、二、三届人大代表。张在作画中潜心研究古法,融精髓于一炉,推陈出新,不落前人窠臼。画马时只需腹稿,巧用笔墨,常先画马尾,再画马身,后画马头,顷刻成画,神形兼备,栩栩如生。其代表作有《三骏图》《八骏图》《万马奔腾》等,并出版有《张一尊画集》,被誉为中国画马“四杰”之一,有“北徐(徐悲鸿)南张”之美称。
张一尊1973年3月病逝于长沙,享年72岁。

Introduction to the artist

His from a child loves a horse, picture horse, learn a horse to cry, learn a horse to roll about, everybody calls him " the horse is confused " . Fierce is taken an examination of to defend strategics military camp to Changsha after graduating from inside Yuan hill couplet 1922. Enlist after, had held the post of section chief of director of adjutant of company commander, battalion commander, major, Lieutenant Colonel, captain. 1934, the 4th road army adapts Kuomintang, the member that the captain outside be being labelled to make up is added. Make up beyond in the home, specialize in calligraphy and brushwork, after getting the lapidarian home Huang Tiean with two famous lakes gives directions, progress is rapidder. 1937, when preparing to go to Japan holding individual painting and calligraphy to exhibit, "77 " events of Lu channel bridge occurs, cancel to take the sea-voyage eastward plan, be allowed to ensure public security toward male city by group of Hunan Province government of short duration writes regimental regimental commander, assistant commanding officer of major general of Yuan hill air defence holds concurrently again after. Each place name of errant whole nation is gotten the better of, full-time picture, in order to draw horse and picture landscape famous, hold labour poem word, calligraphy concurrently. Published " Zhang Yizun draws target " . In Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chongqing, Guiyang, Guilin, Changsha, Heng Yang and other places has held individual art exhibition, work attends countrywide all previous beauty to exhibit. Although had not advanced art special school, but ancient magic art of research of with great concentration, marrow of be in harmony at one furnace, get rid of the stale and bring forth the fresh, do not fall forefathers Tang joint of bones. Most of commend of common people place is, he draws Ma Shi to use a draft worked out in one's mind only, often draw horsetail first, paint equestrian body again, ma Tou is drawn after, use pen and ink opportunely, instantly becomes a picture, divine body has both, contain god at form, lifelike. Masterpiece has " 3 fine horse pursue " , " 8 fine horse pursue " , " ten thousand horses galloping ahead-going full steam ahead " etc, horse of the traditional Chinese painting in be known as " 4 outstanding " one of, have " boreal Xu (Xu Beihong) south piece " beautiful praise. After liberating, chairman of branch of Hunan Province of association of artist of chairman of association of worker of art of committee member of couplet of academician of artist of Ceng Ren China, Hunan Province article, Hunan Province, China. Died of illness in Changsha on March 28, 1973, all the year round is 71 years old.
Zhang Yizun, formal name boast is decided, ever used a Tie Xiang, was born in January 1902, hunan Province male city county (today auspicious head city) person of countryside of peace and tranquility, department Hunan Province is famous painter. Its grandfather is scholar of clear minor details, father is owner-peasant, turn after become small retailer, family circumstances is richer.
Zhang Ziyou loves a horse, often silent immediately by be like crazy be like drunk watch, be fond of the horse is drawn in dam of beach, courtyard with club, person " the horse is confused " . Because its are clever bright, the support that get male relative of a senior generation runs elementary school into the village. Turned 1910 male administrative division is public paradigmatic higher primary school, after school teachs oneself brushwork, you Xi draws a horse. 1918 autumn West Hunan of pass an entrance examination learns in the 8th combination, this school is located at top part of Yuan hill county, morning bell dusk is roused, the scenery is picturesque. Piece handle this situation personally, get Wang Jingchuan of painter of traditional Chinese realistic painting characterized by fine brushwork and close attention to detail to coach wholeheartedly,
The middle school graduated 1922, wu Weijun of wintry pass an entrance examination learned military camp second year, wu Weijun stays to hold a post after recieve training half an year. Transfer Hunan of short duration made up adjutant of round Captain of complement of the 2nd division in May 1926, revolution of countryman of the change to another post after army was adapted in August army independent the 2nd division adjutant of 6 brigade Captain. Capture along with the ministry in the Northern Expedition 9 rivers, enterprising Nanjing, thereafter north of river of fight in some places one by one is expeditionary Sun Chuanfang, joined size campaign countless, in war preferment company commander, battalion is added. After the state divides in all for a time unemployed, brief hold a post at everywhere warlord.
March 1929, introduction Zhang Jingren holds the post of staff officer of lieutenant of ministry of Changsha garrison commander. Revolution of countryman of attune coming back army the ministry holds the post of the 4th Lu Jun commander in chief major adjutant, expeditionary laurel is march to Guangxi, be in army in early or late section chief of adjutant of preferment Lieutenant Colonel, captain. Those who army horse, hold to splash-ink to wield one's writing brush, the organization was started in Changsha and public figure of group of painting and calligraphy in August 1931 " Xiao Xiangshu draws a company " , had held painting and calligraphy of commune member collective 5 times to exhibit early or late. Was made up in December 1934 Yu Li duty, the picture is made in home of stay at home idle, and two lakes are famous lapidarian home Huang Tiean gives directions, picture art day is added, hold individual art exhibition twice in Nanjing, Heng Yang thereafter.
In September 1937, male city county is defect of flying place of bandit dragon cloud, zhang You " West Hunan king " Chen Quzhen nomination goes to of short duration of security personnel of male city replace to write regimental regimental commander, calm down bandit is random. Led a group second year in January river of march to Zhi is adapted for security personnel 6 brigade 11 groups, tone was stationed in Yuan hill in Feburary. Time enemy air attack is ceaseless, zhang Yu acted under orders to hold assistant commanding officer of major general of Yuan hill air defence part-time in June. Went to Chengdu in Feburary 1941 central military school teachs a class high the 8th period recieve training, into school be stopped namely before long firewood takes office, forget food and sleep at after school therefore immerse oneself in a picture. The concentration at the beginning of second year draws more than 60, individual art exhibition is held in Chongqing, industry is consistent reputably. Shut knot example is worth after exhibiting, be invited to answer army to hold a post for many times, like that its rise superior to, in order to contract heart disease of refus. After this 7 years, zhang Zhou swims countrywide each place name is gotten the better of, the heart is not had by look for full-time makes a picture, in order to draw horse and landscape celebrated, hold labour poem word, calligraphy concurrently, in each big in small town holds individual art exhibition 17 take second place are much.
After new China holds water, zhang Yin is long at traditional Chinese painting, at was being hired to be a province 1950 cultural relic keeps committee committee member. Held the post of committee of Hunan people army and government to consult 1953 room consult, held the post of counselor of room of adviser of committee of Hunan Province people in April 1955. Committee member of couplet of the member that Ceng Jian holds the post of Chinese beautiful association, Hunan Province article, Hunan Province is beautiful assist the duty such as the chairman, department Hunan Province the first, 2, delegates of 3 National People's Congress. Piece ancient law studies in the with great concentration in making a picture, marrow of be in harmony at one furnace, get rid of the stale and bring forth the fresh, do not fall forefathers sets pattern. Draw Ma Shi to need a draft worked out in one's mind only, use pen and ink opportunely, often draw horsetail first, paint equestrian body again, ma Tou is drawn after, instantly becomes a picture, divine body has both, lifelike. Its masterpiece has " 3 fine horse pursue " " 8 fine horse pursue " " ten thousand horses galloping ahead-going full steam ahead " etc, publish have " Zhang Yizun draws volume " , horse of the traditional Chinese painting in be known as " 4 outstanding " one of, have " boreal Xu (Xu Beihong) south piece " good name.
Zhang Yizun died of illness in March 1973 at Changsha, die at the age of is 72 years old.

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