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郑午昌

郑午昌(1894—1952),男,名昶,号弱龛、丝鬓散人,以字行,斋名鹿胎仙馆;浙江嵊县人;曾任中华书局美术部主任,杭州艺术专科学校、上海美术专科学校及新华艺术专科学校教授。

  • 中文名郑午昌
  • 别名名昶,号弱龛
  • 性别
  • 国籍中国
  • 民族汉族
  • 祖籍浙江嵊县
  • 出生地浙江嵊县
  • 出生日期1894年2月24日
  • 逝世日期1952年7月15日
  • 职业中国现代著名国画家
  • 毕业院校北京师范大学
  • 代表作品《中国画学全史》《石涛画语录释义》《画余百绝》《中国美术史》
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抗战时期的郑午昌及海上画坛

中国美术网 09-17 浏览

郑午昌,名昶,以字行,号弱龛。自1922年受聘于上海中华书局任史地编辑,继高野侯于1924年任美术部主任,至1952年患脑溢血在沪逝世,涉足上海美术界整整三十年。  这三十年,作为传统文人画赖以生存的...
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人物简介

郑午昌,名昶,号弱龛,别署且以居士、丝鬓散人,嵊县三合乡(今嵊州三界镇)长桥村人。早年毕业于杭州府学堂,中华书局美术部主任,首创汉文正楷字模。致力画史画理,著作有中国画学全史(书成於一九二九)、中国美术史、石涛画语录释义、中国壁画历史研究、画馀百绝等。组织或参与蜜蜂画社、中国画会、寒之友社等艺术团体,十馀年如一日。后与画友汤定之、张善子、符铁年、谢公展、王师子、谢玉岑(谢逝世后由王启之补)、张大千、陆丹林等,结为九社。著作之馀,兼任上海美专、中国艺专、国立艺专等教授之外,又以鹿胎仙馆名义,招集有志治艺之青年,研究国画,成材者数十人。山水、花卉、仕女,不拘一格,尤工山水,时而松秀,时而苍郁。画柳长条细叶,婀娜多姿,朋辈戏以郑杨柳呼之。馀事诗词,清新可诵。印有山水画集。卒年五十九。
1921年后,历任中华书局美术部主任、文史编辑,上海美专、杭州国立艺专、新华艺专、苏州美专等校国画系教授。
1929年,与张大千、王个簃等发起组织蜜蜂画社,有社员150余人,编印《蜜蜂画报》。后又参与发起组织中国画会。
1932年,在上海开办汉文正楷印书局,首创整套汉字正楷活字版,行销国内外,蔡元培誉为“中国文化事业之大贡献”。抗日战争时期,与梅兰芳、周信芳等20人组成甲午同庚千龄会,相约发扬民族气节,誓不为日伪效力。
1950年,参加全国第一次文代会,与人合作绘制巨幅《大西南进军图》、《雪夜进军图》等,歌颂中国共产党和人民解放军。

艺术风格

 郑午昌的绘画风格,是与他对传统绘画的坚定信紧密相连的,他主张改进中国画学必须在传统内部进行,他平生对黄公望吴历特别崇拜,虚心向古人汲取营养,但在学习的同时提倡“师古法而立我法”,从而在学习古代各大家的风格技法后,“以已意轩轾之”,形成了自己独特的风格,而其中成就最高的则是他的山水画。在山水画领域里,郑午昌可以说是设色的高手,他不但喜用青绿墨赭等表现浑厚苍茫的景色,且大胆地采用了一些不常用的颜色。如作于1946年的《秋林云涌》图中,他在远山峰头上施用他喜爱的赭色,远山以花青涂染,而画面的中部一片秋林,却杂著有紫、朱、墨色漫点而成,使整幅画面色彩丰富,明朗滋润。郑午昌在一幅画绘就后,会以色代墨,将画作一番收拾。这种以色代墨来收拾的方法,在明代吴门画派诸家经常使用,而郑午昌不仅用色来提画中不足处,更用色来作苔点,让画面充满苍茫之色。
擅山水画,花卉蔬果。其山水画重峦叠嶂,层次分明,飞瀑流泉,自然成趣。善书法,工诗词,堪称“三绝”。其画作多次在日、英、美、比、法、苏等国展出,曾获纽约世界艺术博览会金质奖章。

作品赏析

牯牛岭
创作年代:1931规格:26×37.5cm
材质:纸本水墨设色中国画郑午昌的山水从石涛、石溪入手,复取法诸家,尤推重黄公望与吴历。他认为“写山水浑厚难。清厚更难。渔山笔笔见笔,而一种苍茫之色盎然纸上,可谓得清厚之趣矣”。他自己的山水亦是如此。
此幅选自众家为柳亚子所绘册面《当代名画集》。从题识:“古牯牛岭西七里有瀑甚伟,而名不及黄龙潭,每念庐山辄念是瀑也,”可见画家亲近山水之心。
画取山之一角,高士临崖独立,意境幽远,基本上仍是传统文人山水的情致。笔墨简淡松动,枯润相宜,清雅中不失苍浑,适得“清厚”之趣。
雨过云山图
这幅作品横68厘米,纵136厘米,整幅画面水墨为主,略施花青,笔法清秀墨色浑厚,结构严谨。在画面的左侧有一首题诗,“雨过松花鹤背黄,云山无尽对仙妆,结庐如是非人境,次有西湖旧草堂。”落款为“习祝镶(绞丝旁)蘅嫂夫人五秩寿 郑午昌写”。
郑午昌的绘画风格,是与他对传统绘画的坚定信紧密相连的,他主张改进中国画学必须在传统内部进行,他平生对黄公望、吴历特别崇拜,虚心向古人汲取营养,但在学习的同时提倡“师古法而立我法”,从而在学习古代各大家的风格技法后,“以已意轩轾之”,形成了自己独特的风格,而其中成就最高的则是他的山水画。在山水画领域里,郑午昌可以说是设色的高手,他不但喜用青绿墨赭等表现浑厚苍茫的景色,且大胆地采用了一些不常用的颜色。如作于1946年的《秋林云涌》图中,他在远山峰头上施用他喜爱的赭色,远山以花青涂染,而画面的中部一片秋林,却杂著有紫、朱、墨色漫点而成,使整幅画面色彩丰富,明朗滋润。郑午昌在一幅画绘就后,会以色代墨,将画作一番收拾。这种以色代墨来收拾的方法,在明代吴门画派诸家经常使用,而郑午昌不仅用色来提画中不足处,更用色来作苔点,让画面充满苍茫之色。
徐恩存(《中国美术》杂志社主编):这件作品是郑午昌先生难得一见的精品,画面的效果非常完美,技法也很娴熟,正是他艺术创作成熟期的代表作。这件作品,是送给他一个亲戚的,他平时是画杨柳出名的,但是为了祝寿嘛,所以画的下半部,是以松树为主,整个的画幅是山峰错落,他非常注重用笔,笔法比较细密、轻松,用墨是含蓄、清淡,用色是明快、爽朗,郑午昌先生是用颜色的高手,里边的花青、赭石、包括紫颜色,还有一些墨色的浓淡干湿变化,都非常的完美,融合在一起,在郑午昌先生的作品里,这件作品应该说是炉火纯青的,长期以来啊,他从事理论研究,所以作品很少,因此这件作品面世,我们就觉得弥足珍贵。

English Introduction

Zheng Wuchang, Chang, name, weak niches, not the Department and to lay in the temples, silk, three County township (now Shengzhou town) Long bridge village. Graduated from Hangzhou Fu school, director of Art Department of Zhonghua Book Company, first in Chinese font. Committed to painting history and theory, works China painting history (Book 1929), Chinese art history, Shi Tao China mural painting quotations interpretation, historical research, draw the remaining hundred. Organize or participate in the club, China will draw bees and cold friends of the other arts organizations, more than ten years as one day. After painting with friends Tang Dingzhi, Zhang Shanzi, Fu Fu, Xie Gong exhibition, Wang Jing, Wang (after the death of Wang Fu by Wang Fu), and so on, such as, such as the, into the social association of the nine, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on, and so on. Work time, outside the Shanghai Academy of fine arts, art, Chinese serves as the national art college professors, the deer Koon name, recruiting young people, will cure art research of Chinese painting, dozens of people who finished. Landscape, flowers, ladies, especially the landscape, not sticking to formalities, sometimes songxiu, sometimes dark. Draw a long willow leaves, very pretty and charming, peer play to call Yang zheng. Other things can recite poems, fresh. With the landscape paintings. Death year fifty-nine.
After 1921, served as director of the Department of fine arts history, Zhonghua Book Editor, Professor of Chinese Painting Department of Shanghai Academy of fine arts, Hangzhou National Art College, Suzhou art school, Xinhua art school.
In 1929, Wang Geyi and Zhang Daqian, initiated the bees or a member of more than 150 people, published "the bee pictorial". After participating in the organization of Chinese painting.
On 1932, Chinese press block opened in Shanghai, the first set of Chinese characters in letterpress type, marketing at home and abroad, Cai Yuanpei known as the "great contribution China cultural undertakings". During the Anti Japanese War, and Mei Lanfang, Zhou Xinfang and other 20 people will meet with the 1894 g thousand age, carry forward the national integrity, oath is not a puppet play.
In 1950, the first national Wendaihui, cooperate with drawing huge "big southwest map", "enter into the night map", praising the Communist Party and the people's Liberation Army Chinese.
Zheng Wuchang's style of painting, and he is believed to traditional painting are closely linked, he advocated improved Chinese painting must be carried out in the traditional interior, his life of Huang Gongwang, Wu Li special worship of the ancients with an open mind to learn nutrition, but at the same time to advocate the "division of ancient law and establish my law", in order to we all study ancient style techniques, "to have more meaning", formed its own unique style, which is the highest achievement of his landscape painting. In the field of landscape painting, Zheng Wuchang is the color master, he not only likes green dark brown show vigorous vast landscape, and boldly with some common color. As for the "cloud" in 1946 Churin figure, he loved him in the mountains the first peak on the application of ochre, mountains with gallocyanine painting, and in the middle of a picture with a purple, Qiulin, but Zhu, ink diffuse and become the whole picture, rich colors, clear moisturizing. Zheng Wuchang in a painting on the painting, will be colored on behalf of ink, painting a tidy. This method to color ink generation up, often used in the Ming Dynasty Wu school and Zheng Wuchang school, not only the use of color to the shortcomings, to make more use of color fur, so that the screen is full of boundless color.
Good at landscape painting, flower Vegetable & Fruit. The landscape of peaks, waterfalls, clear, natural interest. Good calligraphy, poetry, which is called "three". The paintings exhibited in Japan, Britain and the United States, France and the Soviet Union, than other countries, won the gold medal in New York World Expo art.

Guniu Ling
Creation age: 1931 specification: 26 x 37.5cm
Material: paper ink and color painting Zheng Wuchang Chinese landscape from Shi Tao, Shi Xi of the complex family, especially in Huang and Wu li. He thought the "landscape and difficult. Thicker and more difficult. Yushan Bibi pen, a boundless color full of paper, is clearly of interest to be thick". His own landscape is also so.
This picture was painted by Liu Yazi from the album cover "contemporary painting". From the general question: "ancient Guniu Ling Xi waterfall what Wei in seven, and the name of late Huanglong lake, Mount Lu is always read each read waterfall," visible heart close to the landscape painter.
Take a picture of the corner of mountain high cliff, Shilin independent, distant mood, basically is still the traditional literati landscape interest. Ink Jane light loose, dry run for vigorous, elegant, comfortable "thick".
Rain Yunshan chart
This painting cross 68 cm, 136 cm vertical, the whole picture of ink, a delicate brushwork ink anthocyanin, vigorous, compact structure. There is a poem in the picture on the left, the rain "Songhua crane back yellow, Xian of Yunshan endless makeup, such as non Jielu territory, a West Lake old cottage." I wish (with inscription "Xi Jiaosipang) Mrs. Heng Shou Zheng Wuchang wrote five rank".
Zheng Wuchang's style of painting, and he is believed to traditional painting are closely linked, he advocated improved Chinese painting must be carried out in the traditional interior, his life of Huang Gongwang, Wu Li special worship of the ancients with an open mind to learn nutrition, but at the same time to advocate the "division of ancient law and establish my law", in order to we all study ancient style techniques, "to have more meaning", formed its own unique style, which is the highest achievement of his landscape painting. In the field of landscape painting, Zheng Wuchang is the color master, he not only likes green dark brown show vigorous vast landscape, and boldly with some common color. As for the "cloud" in 1946 Churin figure, he loved him in the mountains the first peak on the application of ochre, mountains with gallocyanine painting, and in the middle of a picture with a purple, Qiulin, but Zhu, ink diffuse and become the whole picture, rich colors, clear moisturizing. Zheng Wuchang in a painting on the painting, will be colored on behalf of ink, painting a tidy. This method to color ink generation up, often used in the Ming Dynasty Wu school and Zheng Wuchang school, not only the use of color to the shortcomings, to make more use of color fur, so that the screen is full of boundless color.
Xu Encun ("Chinese art" magazine editor): this piece is Mr. Zheng Wuchang a rare boutique, the effect of the screen is very perfect, skill is also very good and is mature for his artistic creation. This piece of work, is for one of his relatives, he usually painted willow famous, but in order to do so under half birthday, painting, is dominated by pine, the whole picture is a mountain of scattered, he attached great importance to the pen, writing more detailed, easy, ink is subtle, light, color is bright, bright, Mr. Zheng Wuchang is the color of the master, the inside of the blue, ochre, including the color purple, and some black shades of wet and dry change, are very perfect, together, in Zheng Wuchang's works, this work should be said to be a long time, ah, he engaged in theoretical research so, few works, so this work is available, we feel very precious.

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