冯友石(1889~1965)原名良品,字幼石,后改为友石。陕西长安人。中国共产党员,中国美术家协会会员,政协西安市第一、二、三届委员会委员。
冯友石(1889~1965)原名良品,字幼石,后改为友石。陕西长安人。中国共产党员,中国美术家协会会员,政协西安市第一、二、三届委员会委员。
求学与革命的青年时代
1905年考入陕西第一师范学堂(优级班),各科成绩优异,尤喜美术绘画,得日籍美术教习松吕正登、足立喜六等器重,特为指导素描、油画和水彩画,得西洋画之法理。
1910年毕业,即与友人马开臣参加反清活动。
1911年加入中国同盟会,投身辛亥革命。
1912年共和告成,在陕西省都督府机要室任秘书。
1914年袁世凯调张凤翙入京,派其亲信陆建章督陕,冯离开军政府倾毕生精力从事教育。
冯博学多能,长于隶书、诗文,亦精金石篆刻,尤擅绘山水、人物、花草虫鸟,但他并不专事创作,长期在西北大学、西安师范、西安女师、西安一中、西安三中等校任教。他的教学方法是因材施教、由简到繁,注意绘画和其他学科结合。他教色彩学和化学结合,教透视学和几何结合,善于把美术和社会生活结合,使学生感到乐趣。
1919年与友人康伯佛、李友鹤、景志伊等发起创刊《历史画报》,虽然出版时间不到两年,但其宗旨是以绘画形式宣传历代英雄人物、弘扬爱国主义,因而受到人们的欢迎。
相得益彰的人格与才华
他在绘画方面中西皆能。1928年5月,陕西举办中西画大赛,他荣获西画第一名,又和宋伯鲁并列为国画第一名。20世纪30年代,他与人物名画家李友鹤、山水名画家董辅臣被誉为“长安三绝”。
他对美术史有较深研究,认为中国画唐代为创造时期,宋代为黄金时期,明清为摹仿时期,应取法于唐。
曹冷泉在《陕西近代人物小志》一书中,说他“远师大小李将军,笔探自然奇妙文,邀我苦吟诗百首,纷纷挥洒作烟云”。
他提倡学生学习民族绘画,但反对泥古,反对陈陈相因,鼓励学生在继承传统的基础上有新的创造。
他善于把西洋画法融汇于中国画中,认为西洋画只能为我所用,不能全盘照搬。他画国画时吸收西画的一些科学方法,画油画、水彩画和素描时,又把中国画的用笔用线,以及树石点染等运用其中,从而以标格殊形之状,形成自己的独特风格和美学思想。
从1941年起,冯在长安县省立兴国中学任教。
为了鼓励同仁和学生以画笔作刀枪,投入伟大的抗日战争,他创办了兴中美术研究会,组织师生创作,在校内外举办画展。
抗战胜利后,蒋介石发动内战,中国人民又陷入水深火热之中。面对国事日非,他每题画时都署明“作于西阳晚坡”。
当时,冯的学生、著名共产党人李敷仁境况十分危险。他得知此情,即为李画了一幅山水画,题曰“山雨欲来”,以满纸风雨潇潇迷茫之景,送给李,暗示自己的门生要时时提防注意。
他还利用自己的社会地位和声望,保护了一批进步学生。
冯在教书绘画之余还研习医术,曾对张仲景的《伤寒论》、李时珍的《本草纲目》深研精读。通过学习这些中医典籍,他把四季气候变化、花卉草木生长和人生感受贯通于绘画之中,提出许多理论和见解;而且把教书育人和为人治病结合起来,从精神到肉体解除人们的痛苦。
他执教兴国中学和西安美术学院时,常为村人治病却不受馈赠。
他品格高洁,对于权贵者惜墨如金,不为之作画;对农民、学生求画者,则当即予之。
他主张“绘画来自于人民,应还之于人民”,痛恨把艺术品当做达官贵人的玩物。
1939年,西京金石书画会成立,因会长是陕西省民政厅的一个官僚,他拒不加入,说:“吾不以低眉事权贵。”
发挥余热坚持创作的晚年
中华人民共和国成立后,冯任教于西北军政大学艺术学院、西北人民艺术学院、西北艺专。
他参与了西安美院的筹建,在创建该院国画系的过程中,更倾注了大量心血。美院建成后,他担任教授,院教育工会主席,国画系和师范系主任,为国家培养了大批美术专业人才。
他从事教育工作半个世纪,授课之外,创作了大量优秀绘画作品。
1955年他66岁寿辰时,西安美术学院为他举办了个人美展。他的画曾赠送给苏联美术展览馆,还代表美院给来华访问的日本、捷克、波兰、民主德国等国家艺术代表团赠送过中国画。
1965年8月26日于西安逝世。
成就及荣誉
中国美术家协会会员,政协西安市第一、二、三届委员会委员。
学术成果及简历被列入《中国现代美术名家鉴》(日本出版)、《中国美术家年鉴》《中国当代画家大全辞典》《中国现代美术家大辞典》等。
个人作品
解放前就有油画《灞桥》《大雁塔》及大量中国画问世,还编著了《论画》一书。
新中国成立后,他编著有《水墨画》《透视学》《用器画》等讲义和教材;参加了集体创作反映反霸斗争的《秦颂丞》连环画;1954年国庆创作了《松柏永茂,寿比南山》;还创作了《智取华山》《祖国万年》《献给苏联十月革命七十周年》《樊川图》《宝成路》等。
20世纪30年代,他与人物名画家李友鹤、山水名画家董辅臣被誉为“长安三绝”。
他从事教育工作半个世纪,授课之外,创作了大量优秀绘画作品。
他品格高洁,对于权贵者惜墨如金,不为之作画;对农民、学生求画者,则当即予之。他主张“绘画来自于人民,应还之于人民”,痛恨把艺术品当做达官贵人的玩物。
他的作品清新明快,意象雄伟,常留不尽之意于画(言)外,多次参加全国美展、西北美展,很受好评。
学术成果及简历被列入《中国现代美术名家鉴》(日本出版)、《中国美术家年鉴》《中国当代画家大全辞典》《中国现代美术家大辞典》等。??
Feng Youshi (Yuan Mingliang of 1889 ~ 1965) is tasted, word young stone, hind instead friendly stone. Shaanxi Chang'an person. Chinese Communist member, chinese artist academician, city of Xi'an of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference the first, 2, 3 committee committee member.
The young times of attend school and revolution
Took an examination of Shaanxi 1905 school of the first normal school () of super grade class, each section grade is exceedingly good, be fond of art to draw especially, day book art teachs Xi Song is Lv Zhengdeng, sufficient stand happy event 6 wait for regard highly, it is directive sketch, canvas and aquarelle especially, get the theory of law that West draws.
Graduated 1910, open me to enter the activity that turn over Qing Dynasty with friend horse namely.
Joined China to be met federally 1911, devote into revolution of laborious the last of the twelve Earthly Branches.
Republican is complete 1912, save in Shaanxi room of confidential of government office of superintend and director holds the post of a secretary.
Yuan Shikai moved Zhang Feng Li to enter capital 1914, send land of its trusted follower to build short for Shaanxi Province of chapter superintend and director, feng Li opens military goverment do all one can lifetime energy pursues education.
Feng Bo learns much can, long at official script, Shi Wen, seal cutting of Yi Jingjin stone, blame bird of bug of landscape of draw of arrogate to oneself, character, flowers and plants, but he not only job creation, be in for a long time female division of normal school of northwest university, Xi'an, Xi'an, Xi'an one medium, Xi'an 3 secondary school teach. His teaching method is teach students in accordance of their aptitude, by brief arrive numerous, notice brushwork and other subject are united in wedlock. He teachs chromatics and chemical union, teach fluoroscopy to learn to be united in wedlock with geometry, be good at an art and social life union, make the student feels fun.
Waited with friend Kang Baifo, Li Youhe, Jing Zhiyi 1919 start start publication " historical pictorial " , although publish time to be less than two years, dan Jizong tasties is in order to draw the form publicizes character of past dynasties hero, promote patriotism, get consequently the welcome of people.
The character of bring out the best in each other and talent
He is drawing respect Chinese and Western all can. May 1928, shaanxi holds Chinese and Western to draw a contest, he is had the honor to win the first is drawn on the west, label traditional Chinese painting with Song Bailu again the first. 20 centuries 30 time, he and character name painter Dong Fuchen is known as name of painter Li Youhe, landscape " Chang'an 3 absolutely " .
He is right art history has deeper research, tang Dynasty of the traditional Chinese painting in thinking is creation period, the Song Dynasty for you gold period, bright Qing Dynasty is imitate period, should Yu Tang of take as one's model.
Cao Lengquan is in " Shaanxi is latter-day character little sign " in one book, say him " far division size plum general, pen explore nature is wonderful civil, invite my suffering to recite poems 100, in succession brandish asperses smoke cloud " .
He advocates brushwork of student learning nation, but object mud ancient, object follow a set routine, encourage a student to there is new creation on the foundation of successive tradition.
He is good at assembling western brushwork fuse in Chinese picture, think western picture can be my place to use only, cannot overall is copied. A few scientific methods that draw on the west are absorbed when he paints traditional Chinese painting, when drawing canvas, aquarelle and sketch, use what China draws with the pen again line, and the add details to a painting that cultivate stone apply among them, thereby the shape with form of mark case different, fashion oneself distinctive color and aesthetic ideology.
Since 1941, feng Zaichang installs a county the provincial middle school that allow a country teachs.
Make arms with paintbrush to encourage colleague and student, throw great War of Resistance Against Japan, he established to promote Sino-US art seminar, organize creative work of teachers and students, art exhibition is held in school inside and outside.
After war of resistance against aggression wins, jiang Jieshi starts civil war, chinese people is immersed in an abyss of suffering again in. Face pragmatic day blame, the Dou Shuming when his every problem is drawn " make Yu Xiyang late slope " .
At that time, condition of Li Furen of the student of Feng, famous Communist is very hazardous. He is informed this affection, it is Li Hua namely a landscape painting, the problem says " Shan Yu is about to come " , with the scene with confused drizzly of full paper storm, send plum, the pupil that alludes oneself wants constantly beware of attention.
He still uses his social class and reputation, protected student of a batch of progress.
Feng is in what teach draws to still study medical skill, ever was opposite of piece of Zhong Jing " typhoid fever is talked " , of Li Shizhen " detailed outline of a book on Chinese medicine " grind greatly con. Through learning ancient codes and records of these doctor of traditional Chinese medicine, he grows wood of change of climate of the four seasons, flowers and life experiences be well versed in at brushwork in, offer a lot of theory and view; And treat a disease teach Yo person and humanness union rises, remove to the body from spirit the anguish of people.
He teachs when the middle school that allow a country and Xi'an academy of fine arts, often treat a disease not to accept a gift however for village person.
His character and morals is high-minded, to influential officials person cherish Mo Rujin, do not make a picture for it; Beg the person that draw to farmer, student, grant at once.
He advocates " brushwork comes from at people, should return at people " , abhor a playing thing that artwork should do VIPs.
1939, beijing inscriptions painting and calligraphy can hold water on the west, a when because chairman is Shaanxi,visit civil administration office bureaucratic, his refus is not joined, say: "I not with influential officials of low eyebrow thing.
Develop Yu Rejian to hold the old age of creation
After People's Republic of China holds water, feng Ren teachs at art of northwest stratocracy university institute of skill of people of institute, northwest, northwest art only.
He participated in Xi'an beautiful courtyard prepare to construct, in the procedure that establishs department of this courtyard traditional Chinese painting, more pour into a large number of painstaking effort. After beautiful courtyard builds, he holds the position of a professor, the courtyard teachs union chairman, department of traditional Chinese painting and normal school fasten a director, fostered large quantities of art professional for the country.
He is engaged in teaching the job half century, give lessons besides, created a large number of outstanding paint.
1955 when 66 years old of his birthday, xi'an academy of fine arts held individual beauty to exhibit for him. His picture ever gave Russia art exhibition, still give on behalf of beautiful courtyard come China the national art delegacy such as the Japan of the visit, Czech, polish, democratic Germany has given China to draw.
Died at Xi'an on August 26, 1965.
Achievement reachs honor
Chinese artist academician, city of Xi'an of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference the first, 2, 3 committee committee member.
Academic gain and resume are included " ancient bronze mirror of famous expert of Chinese modern art " (Japan is published) , " Chinese artist almanac " " dictionary of encyclopedia of Chinese contemporary painter " " big dictionary of Chinese contemporary artist " etc.
Individual work
There is oil painting before liberating " Ba bridge " " wild goose tower " reach many China picture to come out, still compiled " by the picture " one book.
After new China holds water, he compiles have " wash " " fluoroscopy learns " " with implement picture " wait for teaching materials and teaching material; Those who attended collective creation to mirror opposehegemonism to struggle " Qin Songcheng " comic; National Day was created 1954 " loose Bai Yongmao, the hill austral birthday comparing " ; Still created " Mount Hua of take by strategy " " motherland all ages " " give Russia October revolution 70 years " " Fan Chuan pursues " " treasure becomes a way " etc.
20 centuries 30 time, he and character name painter Dong Fuchen is known as name of painter Li Youhe, landscape " Chang'an 3 absolutely " .
He is engaged in teaching the job half century, give lessons besides, created a large number of outstanding paint.
His character and morals is high-minded, to influential officials person cherish Mo Rujin, do not make a picture for it; Beg the person that draw to farmer, student, grant at once. He advocates " brushwork comes from at people, should return at people " , abhor a playing thing that artwork should do VIPs.
His work is pure and fresh and lively, image is grand, often leave a message endless meaning at the picture () outside, attend countrywide beauty to exhibit for many times, northwest beauty is exhibited, very suffer reputably.
Academic gain and resume are included " ancient bronze mirror of famous expert of Chinese modern art " (Japan is published) , " Chinese artist almanac " " dictionary of encyclopedia of Chinese contemporary painter " " big dictionary of Chinese contemporary artist " etc. ? ?
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