(1462～1538) 明代戏曲作家。幼年起即居南京。王世贞说徐霖才气超过陈铎，但作品不如陈作"稳协"。正德末,武宗朱厚燳南巡,经皇家伶人臧贤的推荐，曾在武宗左右备顾问，所填词曲颇为皇帝欣赏，屡次要他入朝为官，他辞而不就。徐霖散曲大多未能传存，《南宫词纪》录其〔山坡羊〕《闲情》两首，可略见其风格。徐霖曾作传奇戏曲8种,今仅存《绣襦记》,写李亚仙与郑元和的爱情故事,情节本于唐代传奇小说白行简《李娃传》，但也受元代相同题材的石君宝的杂剧《李亚仙花酒曲江池》的一定影响。剧中李亚仙与郑元和之父郑儋的形象写得尤为成功。沦落娼门的李亚仙心地纯洁，对情人情深义厚，与封建官僚郑儋外表道貌岸然，实则残忍无情，形成鲜明对照。徐霖对下层生活比较熟悉，剧中的仆人来兴，店主人、卑田院的众乞儿都写得逼真而各具特色，从中可以见到当时社会生活的一个真实侧面。作品较少枝蔓，语言本色、洗练，但郑氏父子和解的结局则写得过于简单和粗率。正德十四年（1519）赋宗南巡，近侍上其词翰，武宗两幸其宅，并成剪其长须作拂尘，霖乃自号髯翁，父称髯伯。工山水、花卉、松竹、蕉石，皆奕奕有致。亦工篆刻。与沈周交善，弘治三年（1490）访沈（周），吴伟为此作《沈徐二高立行乐图》以志之。通音律，工书法，善画山水、花卉、松竹。善山水花卉，工书法篆刻。日本使臣尝得徐霖书作，多珍藏。武宗南巡，他以蔬菜，鲜笋款待，对饮垂钓，并随帝入京。喜藏书，在金陵时，筑“快园”多藏宋员版本和其他各类图书。卒后，部分精抄宋椠，归于毛青城带至四川。传世作品有《菊石野兔图》轴、《花卉泉石图》卷，现藏故宫博物院；正德九年（1514）作《初日蟠桃图》图录于《中国历代名画集》；著有《远游记》《晚游录》《古杭清游稿》《丽澡堂文集》《快园诗文集》《续画史会要》等。

徐霖书画作品

徐霖6岁丧父，随兄居南京。7岁能诗，时称奇童。善书法，9岁即能写大字。14岁中秀才，随即被诬告革去。于是致力于书画和戏曲创作。正楷出入欧阳询、颜真卿之间，擘窠大字学朱晦翁，几可乱真。后又喜摹赵孟頫，而笔力遒劲，结构端谨，自成一家。尤精篆字，造诣极深。当时号称 "篆圣"的李东阳和乔宇，见徐霖所书篆字，皆自叹不及，推为"当代第一"。远及朝鲜、日本，皆争购其墨迹，视为至宝。

所书《千字文卷》(分草、楷、篆三幅，现藏故宫博物院)，字形玉润可爱，笔力劲丽苍古，神采灿然。又精绘事，与沈周友善。所作山水、花卉，皆奕奕有致。传世作品有《菊石野兔图》(现藏故宫博物院)、《初日蟠桃图》(见于《中国历代名画集》)。

 正德末，武宗朱厚照南巡，经皇家伶人臧贤的推荐，曾在武宗左右备顾问，所填词曲颇为皇帝欣赏，屡次要他入朝为官，他辞而不就。徐霖散曲大多未能传存，《南宫词纪》录其(山坡羊)《闲情》两首，可略见其风格。徐霖曾作传奇戏曲8种，今仅存《绣襦记》。《绣襦记》讲述唐代妓女李亚仙与郑元和的爱情婚姻故事。这一作品是在唐白行简传奇小说《李娃传》、宋元南戏《李亚仙》、元杂剧《郑元和风雪打瓦罐 》 、《李亚仙花酒曲江池》及朱有杂剧《曲江池》的基础上改编而成，描写得最为细致完整。剧中李亚仙与郑元和之父郑儋的形象写得尤为成功。沦落娼门的李亚仙心地纯洁，对情人情深义厚，与封建官僚郑儋外表道貌岸然，实则残忍无情，形成鲜明对照，是昆曲常演的剧目，其中提到扬州的一场是《教歌》。这一场写书生郑元和被其父打至气绝，抛尸郊外，幸得扬州阿二收留，最后沦为乞丐。剧中主要写扬州阿二及其老大教郑元和如何做乞丐的过程，情节幽默，矛盾突出，充满了喜剧效果。其中的角色扬州阿二，必须说扬州话，这也是白行简的《李娃传》中所根本没有的。 作品较少枝蔓，语言本色、洗练，但郑氏父子和解的结局则写得过于简单和粗率。围绕李、郑的遭遇，批判了封建婚姻制度中的门阀观念，揭露了封建伦理道德的冷酷和虚伪。李亚仙的心地善良和忍辱负重、胸怀大志的性格，刻画得也较成功。结构精练，是同类题材创作中较为完美的一部剧作。明万历年间，又据此改编为小说，广为流传，近世许多地方戏据此改编为传统剧目。

徐霖对下层生活比较熟悉，剧中的仆人来兴，店主人、卑田院的众乞儿都写得逼真而各具特色，从中可以见到当时社会生活的一个真实侧面。

徐霖草书千字文

 徐霖约明武宗正德初前后在世，年七十七岁。少弃举业，好狭邪游。所填南北词，大有才情，语语入律，娼家皆崇奉之。文壁题画寄霖，有句云:"乐府 新传桃叶渡，彩毫遍写薛涛笺"。武宗南巡时，伶人臧贤荐之于上，令填新曲。武宗极喜之。尝月夜幸其家，出蔬笋为供，酒酣，垂钓相乐。霖美须髯，武宗手翦为拂子，因自号髯翁。扈从还京，屡命以官，辞而不拜。中更事变，拂衣而归，其名益震。又几二十年，竟以寿终。

霖与陈铎齐名，均为当时南京曲坛祭酒。所著有绣襦、(今本作薛近兖作)三元、梅花、留鞋、枕中、种瓜及两团圆等数种。《金陵琐事》散曲极少见，今仅见存于《南宫词纪》中的二首。所作曲，精于格律，"能自度曲为新声"，名驰海外。正德十五年(1520年)，武宗南巡，曾被荐为帝作曲，赐一品服，并多次到他家去。命他跟随到北京，因武宗去世，未授官而还。著有《柳仙记》、《商辂三元记》等8种传奇和一些散曲，被誉为"曲坛祭酒"。

 明人姜绍书《韵石斋笔谈》中说:"徐髯仙、许高阳、周公瑕皆系书家，旁及篆体，印文章法，心画精奇。"

而明天启年间的印人周应麟亦称:"人吾昭代，有许初、丰坊、李东阳、乔宇、徐霖、文彭诸君子，后先继起，狎主齐盟，为休明鼓吹。"

 有《丽藻堂文集》、《徐子仁诗集》、《续书史会要》、《中原音韵注释》等传世。

辑有《快园诗文类选》、《雅颂词录》。

brief introduction

(1462-1538) Ming Dynasty opera writers. From childhood, I live in Nanjing. Wang Shizhen said that Xu Lin was more talented than Chen Duo, but his works were not as stable as Chen Zuo's. At the end of Zheng De, Wuzong Zhu Houhuang made a tour to the south. On the recommendation of Zang Xian, a royal actor, he had been an advisor around Wuzong. The lyrics and songs he wrote were appreciated by the emperor. He repeatedly asked him to enter the dynasty as an official, but he did not resign. Most of Xu Lin's Sanqu has not survived. The Southern Palace Ci Ji recorded two of his "Goats on the Hillside" and "Leisure Love", which can be seen in its style. Xu Lin once wrote eight kinds of legendary operas, but now only Embroidery Records is left. He writes love stories between Li Yaxian and Zheng Yuanhe. The plot is based on the legendary novel Liwa Biography in Baixing bamboo slips of the Tang Dynasty, but it is also influenced by the same theme of Shi Junbao's zaar "Liya Xianhua Jiuqu Jiangchi" of the Yuan Dynasty. The images of Li Yaxian and Zheng Yuan He's father, Zheng Dan, are particularly successful. Li Yaxian, who had fallen into prostitution, had a pure heart and a deep sense of affection for his lover, in sharp contrast to Zheng Da, a feudal bureaucrat, who was cruel and ruthless in appearance. Xu Lin is familiar with the life of the lower class. The servant in the play Laixing, the shopkeeper and the beggars in the Beitan Court all write vividly and with their own characteristics, from which we can see a real aspect of social life at that time. There are fewer branches in the works, the language is original and refined, but the ending of Zheng's father and son's reconciliation is too simple and rude. Zhengde fourteen years (1519) Fu Zongnan patrol, near his word Han, Wuzong two fortunate his house, and cut its long beard for dust, Lin is self-proclaimed beard, father called beard uncle. Gongshan, flowers, pine bamboo and banana stone are all very beautiful. It also works in seal carving. With Shen Zhou, Hongzhi visited Shen (Zhou) for three years (1490). Wu Wei wrote "Shen Xu Ergao Le Tu" for this purpose. Tongtong, working calligraphy, good at painting landscapes, flowers, pine and bamboo. Good landscape flowers, handwriting seal carving. Japanese envoys tasted Xu Lin's books and treasured them. Wu Zongnan patrol, he entertained with vegetables, fresh shoots, drinking and fishing, and with the emperor into Beijing. He likes to collect books. In Jinling, he built "Fast Garden" to collect editions of Song Dynasty officials and other books. After death, some copies of Song Qun were brought to Sichuan by Mao Qingcheng. The handed down works include the axis of "Chrysanthemum Rabbit Picture" and "Flower Spring Stone Picture", which are now in the Palace Museum; Zhengde's "Peach Picture on the First Day" in "The Collection of Famous Paintings of Chinese Dynasties" in the ninth year (1514); his "Journey to the Far", his "Late Travel Record of Ancient Hangqing Dynasty", "Literature Collection of Libathing Hall", "Poetry Collection of Fast Garden" and "Summary of History of Continued Paintings". And so on.

calligraphy and painting

Xu Lin lost his father at the age of 6 and lived in Nanjing with his brother. At the age of 7, he can write poems, which is called Qitong. Good calligraphy, 9 years old can write big characters. At the age of 14, Zhongxiu Caicai was falsely accused of reform. So he devoted himself to the creation of calligraphy, painting and opera. Regular scripts go in and out between Ouyang Xun and Yan Zhenqing, and Zhu Huiweng, a great scholar of Chinese characters, is almost untrue. Later, he liked to imitate Zhao Mengfu, and his pen was strong, well-structured and self-contained. Especially precise seal characters, profound attainments. At that time, Li Dongyang and Qiaoyu, who were known as "seal saints", could not see the seal characters in Xu Lin's books, and they were all amazed by themselves and promoted to be "the first in the contemporary era". As far as North Korea and Japan, they are all scrambling to buy their ink, which is regarded as the most precious.

The book "Thousand-Character Scroll" (divided into three pieces of grass, regular script and seal, now Tibetan Palace Museum), has a lovely zigzag, beautiful and ancient brushwork, and brilliant spirit. He is also good at drawing stories and being friendly with Shen and Zhou. All the landscapes and flowers are very beautiful. The handed down works are "Chrysanthemum Hare Picture" (now Tibetan Palace Museum) and "Early Day Peach Picture" (see "Collection of Famous Paintings of Chinese Dynasties").

dramatic work

At the end of Zheng De, Zhu Houzhao of Wuzong made a tour to the south. On the recommendation of Zang Xian, a royal actor, he was a reserve adviser around Wuzong. The lyrics and songs he wrote were appreciated by the emperor. He repeatedly asked him to enter the dynasty as an official, but he did not resign. Most of Xu Lin's Sanqu has not survived. The style of Nangong Ciji can be seen by recording two pieces of Xu Lin's (mountain goat) Leisure Love. Xu Lin once wrote eight kinds of legendary operas, but now there is only "Records of Embroidered Inscriptions". Embroidery Notes tells the love and marriage story of Li Yaxian, a prostitute in Tang Dynasty, and Zheng Yuanhe. This work is based on the legendary novel Li Wa Zhuan of Baixing bamboo slips in Tang Dynasty, the Southern Opera Li Yaxian of Song and Yuan Dynasty, the Zaju of Yuan Dynasty, Zheng Yuanhe's Wind and Snow Hitting Tiles, Li Yaxian's Wine and Qujiang Chi, and Zhu Youzao.

Based on Qujiang Chi, the play is adapted with the most detailed and complete description. The images of Li Yaxian and Zheng Yuan He's father, Zheng Dan, are particularly successful. Li Yaxian, who had fallen into prostitution, was pure-hearted and had a deep sense of affection for his lover. In contrast with Zheng Dao, a feudal bureaucrat, he was cruel and ruthless in appearance. He was a popular Kunqu opera, and one of the plays mentioned in Yangzhou was "Teaching Song". Zheng Yuan, a scholar, was beaten to death by his father and left his body in the suburbs. Fortunately, he was taken in by A Er of Yangzhou, and finally became a beggar. The play mainly describes the process of Yang Zhou A Er and his elder teacher Zheng Yuanhe how to be a beggar. The plot is humorous and contradictory, full of comic effect. Among them, the role of Yang Zhou A Er must speak Yangzhou dialect, which is not at all in Bai Xingjian's Biography of Li Wa. There are fewer branches in the works, the language is original and refined, but the ending of Zheng's father and son's reconciliation is too simple and rude. Around Li's and Zheng's experiences, they criticized the concept of door-valve in the feudal marriage system and exposed the cruelty and hypocrisy of feudal ethics and morality. Li Yaxian's good-hearted, humiliating and ambitious personality has been portrayed successfully. Structurally concise, is a more perfect play in the creation of similar themes. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it was adapted into fiction, which was widely circulated. In modern times, many local operas were adapted into traditional operas.

Xu Lin is familiar with the life of the lower class. The servant in the play Laixing, the shopkeeper and the beggars in the Beitan Court all write vividly and with their own characteristics, from which we can see a real aspect of social life at that time.

Word-filling Works

Xu Lin lived around the beginning of Emperor Wuzong's reign at the age of seventy-seven. Less abandonment of career, good narrow evil travel. All the prostitutes adore the North-South Ci, which is full of talent and rhetoric. Wenmu inscribed paintings sent Lin, there is a sentence: "Yuefu Xinchuan Taoyedu, Caihao wrote Xue Taozhi all over." During Wuzong's Southern Tour, Zang Xian, an actor, recommended it to fill in new songs. Wu Zong was very happy. Thank you for your home on a moonlit night. You can get vegetables and bamboo shoots for your food. You can enjoy yourself by drinking and fishing. Beautiful beard, Wu Zong's hand bent as a brush, because the name of the beard Weng. The squire returned to Beijing and ordered officials to resign without worship. The Zhonggeng Incident brought home a good name. For another twenty years, it ended in life.

Both Lin and Chen Duo were famous for their sacrifices at the Nanjing Opera Altar at that time. His works include embroidery, three yuan, plum blossom, shoes, pillows, melons and two reunions. Sanqu in Jinling Trivial Matters is very rare. Today, it can only be seen in two pieces of Nangong Ciji. He is skilled in rhythm and is well-known overseas. In the fifteen years of Zhengde (1520), Wuzong made a tour to the south. He was recommended to compose music for the emperor and gave him a piece of clothes. He went to his home many times. He was ordered to follow him to Beijing, where Wuzong died and was returned without appointing an official. He has eight kinds of legends and some Sanqu, such as Liu Xianji and Shang Bi Sanyuan Ji. He is known as the "altar wine offering".

Work Evaluation

Jiang Shaoshu, a Ming Dynasty writer, said in Yunshizhai Bi Tan: "Xu Xiaoxian, Xu Gaoyang and Zhou Gong are all calligraphers, beside and seal, with the method of printing articles and exquisite heart painting. "

Zhou Yinglin, an Indian in the beginning of the new year tomorrow, also said, "There are Xu Chu, Fengfang, Li Dongyang, Qiao Yu, Xu Lin and Wen Peng gentlemen in Zhaodai dynasty. They successively advocated Qi Meng, who advocated Xiu Ming. "

Other works

There are "Lizaotang Collection of Literature", "Xu Ziren's Collection of Poems", "Sequel History Summary", "Annotation of Central Plains Phonology" and so on.

The collection includes Selection of Quick Garden Poems and Literary Classes and Elegant Song Ci Lu.