王渊(公元13世纪-14世纪中叶),元代画家。字若水,号澹轩,一号虎林逸士,钱塘(今浙江杭州)人。工于花鸟、人物、山水。天历年间曾与唐棣在南京龙翔寺曾画过壁画,尤精于花鸟,堪称元代花鸟画巨擘。王若水笔下的花鸟画,先是工笔重彩,专求黄荃风格画法,中年多是精工艳丽笔触,但流传作品极为少见。题材多以水墨花鸟竹石为多,墨色渲染,浓淡有致,以无彩胜于有彩,并于秀丽之中见得浑朴,勾勒与渲染这二种画法,各尽其妙,写实与写意都有天机溢发之感。他被誉为“元代的黄荃”,是“元代绝艺花鸟画家”。
王渊幼习丹青,赵孟頫多指教之,故所画皆师古人,无一笔院体。陶宗仪于《辍耕录》卷七中记其“幼时获侍赵魏公故多指教。所以傅色特妙。天历中,画集庆龙翔寺两庑壁”,可见其艺术活跃于元代中后期。夏文彦《图绘宝鉴》评其“所画皆师古人,无一笔院体”,其画山水师郭熙,花鸟画师承后蜀黄筌,先勾勒后皴染水墨,浓淡深浅,极有韵致,得写生之妙,时称“绝艺”。人物师唐人吴道子,一一精妙,注重线条勾勒,不讲究墨彩渲染,史称“有笔而无墨”,自成风韵。尤精绘花鸟和水墨竹石,当代绝艺。天机溢发,肖古而不泥古。
表现手法属“黄家富贵”体。唯舍色彩而取水墨,通过勾勒和水墨晕染区别浓淡向背,造型极精严,神态亦颇生动,作到“墨具五色”的艺术效果。同钱选一样,王渊在花鸟画创作上起到了承前启后的作用。类似王渊画风者还有边鲁、赵衷等人。广为后人师法,弟子有臧良等。
另据陶宗仪《辍耕录》记载,天历中王奉命画集庆龙翔寺门首壁大鬼,高三丈余,遵刘总管之嘱,“先配定尺寸,画为裸体,然后加以衣冠。”若水依法 为之,果善。说明王渊对于人体解剖有所研究。
王渊的传世作品主要是立轴,画于至正三年(1343)的《花竹禽鸟图轴》(现藏在山西省博物馆)、至正四年的《竹石集禽图轴》(现藏上海博物馆)、《桃竹锦鸡图轴》(现藏北京故宫博物院)、以及《秋山行旅图轴》等四轴现藏在台北故宫博物院,手卷以《牡丹图卷》为佳,现藏北京故宫博物院。
故宫绘画馆藏有其至正九年(1349年)作《山桃锦鸡图》,笔墨极文雅,乾笔皴擦,淡墨渲染。工整而精确地画出花竹禽鸟,以水墨渲染,明净秀雅,自成一格。这种墨花墨禽的表现形式在北宋时即已出现,但王渊的类似白描画法的花鸟画却更鲜明地表现了文人的审美情致,被视为其创新。
其作品还有《花竹集禽图》、《秋景鹑雀图》、《良常草堂图》等,今存有《花竹禽雀图》、《花竹春禽图》、《花竹锦鸡图》。三幅画均为纸本,立轴,墨笔画,创作年代分别为 1344年、1346 年、1349 年。
Wang Yuan (13th century AD-14th century), the painter of the Yuan Dynasty. Word if water, No. Dan Xuan, No. 1 Tiger Lin Yi, Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) people. In the flowers and birds, figures, landscapes. Tianli years with Tangdi in Nanjing Longxiang Temple has painted murals, especially good at flowers and birds, called the Yuan Dynasty flower and bird painting giant. Wang Ruo's pen under the flower and bird painting, first meticulous re-color, for Huang Quan style painting, middle-aged more than Seiko gorgeous brush strokes, but the spread of works is extremely rare. The theme is mostly with ink and wash stone and stone for many, ink rendering, shades have caused to colorless than color, and in the beauty among the muddy, outline and render these two paintings, each do its wonderful, realistic and freehand have Secret overflow feeling. He was hailed as the "Yuan Dynasty Huang Quan", is "the Yuan Dynasty art and crafts painter."
Wang Yuanyu learning Danqing, Zhao Mengguo more exhibitions, so the paintings are teachers of the ancients, without a hospital body. Tao Zongyi in the "calendar" recorded in the volume of seven "childhood Zhao Shi Wei Gong is so much advice .Therefore Fu color special .Tian calendar, painting Qing Longxiang Temple two veranda wall", showing its art active in the Yuan Dynasty Late. Xia Wenyan, "Drawing Po Kam," commented that "the paintings are teachers of the ancients, without a hospital body," its painting landscape division Guo Xi, flower and bird painting after Shu Huang Quan, first after the stained stained ink, shades, There is charm, have to paint the wonderful, called "Jueyi." Wu Daozi, one of the talented people of the Tang Dynasty, is one of the most exquisite, emphasizing the outline of the lines, not to mention the ink color rendering, known as "a pen without ink". Especially fine flowers and birds and ink Zhushi, contemporary Jueyi. Secret overflow, Xiao ancient but not mud ancient.
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