杨文骢(1597—1646),明代画家,字龙友。贵阳人,流寓金陵(今南京)。杨文骢博学好古,擅画山水。董其昌评其画曰:“龙友生于贵族,独破天荒,所作《台荡》等图,有宋人之骨力而去其结,有元人之风雅而去其佻。余讶以为出入巨然、惠崇之间,观止矣”。画史上称他的画有一种士气,人莫能到
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贵州贵阳人。字山子、龙友,号陈龙、鹤巢、雪盦,少怀壮志,学兼文武,善书画,有文采,万历末期举于乡。此后屡试不第,崇祯七年(1634)华亭教谕,后迁青田、永嘉、江宁知县。弘光元年任右佥都御史、巡抚镇(州)常(州)二府,监郑鸿逵、郑彩军,隆武元年(1645年)任兵部侍郎,提督军务,次年8月清兵入闽,被执不屈而死,举家三十馀口全部罹难。著作有《山水移》《洵美堂诗集》《崇祯八大家诗选·杨文骢卷》,以及近年编辑出版的《杨文骢书画集》。
杨文骢卓才绝艺,皆因他的诗、书、画三绝,还有精于骑射。杨文骢的诗作传世的有《洵美堂诗集》,刻于崇祯十五年,而9年前夏云鼎编选刊刻《崇祯八大家诗选》时,列杨文骢为一家。杨文骢的诗多抒写忧时爱国、师友骨肉之情,对山水丘壑的迷恋,热情满怀,慷慨激烈,正如他的好友陈子龙所言:“龙友诗有幽峭之思,沉郁之色,壮烈而不失平和,夷旷而中存庄雅。”他的文也非常出色,尤其是游记。崇祯三年刊刻的诗文画合集《山水移》中,收《台荡日记》八千馀言,堪称上乘之作,白坚先生说其“镕名山奇景、掌故传说、风土人情于一炉,奇情叠现,妙绪纷呈,诗情画意充溢于字里行间,耐人寻味,引人入胜”。
杨文骢的画名比诗名更盛,吴梅村作《画中九友》诗,故被称为”画中九友”之一。对他的画,当时的画坛名士多有崇评,记载累累。秦懋德将他与当时的大家董其昌相提并论:“余偶以诗画自娱,谬荷海内诸名公许可,每论此中三味,必推龙友与华亭董宗伯并驱中原,眼前馀子,鲜见其匹也,是岂阿私所好哉?试叩之此图,当自应声而出。”
董其昌的评价也很高:“杨龙友生于贵筑,独破天荒,所作台宕等图,有宋人之骨力去其结,有元人之风韵去其佻,余讶以为出入巨然、惠崇之间,观止矣。”他爱南京栖霞山风物,曾读书山中,暇时常登峰顶,眺望长江。数年后,回忆这段生活,曾绘《江中望栖霞》,并题咏其上,以抒怀念之情。
《明杨文骢仿倪瓒山水图》是明代画家杨文骢的作品。该画构图富有特色。画面的左侧是一带连绵的山坡和断涯,右侧是大片浩淼的水域。该幅画上画家运枯笔焦墨,笔墨虽枯而腴润,颇似黄公望的画法。
《明杨文骢仿倪瓒山水图》仿倪瓒山水“一河两岸式”的布局,视点由近及远。图的下半部是前景的描绘:近处缓坡上疏林参差,孤亭临水而立,山石以侧锋折笔带皴擦画就。隔着江水,上半部表现的是中远景山貌:主体的一组山峦间有一瀑布,左右的山势起伏环抱,并以披麻皴法营造出高耸圆浑之气势。全画颇具倪瓒遗意,其笔法、墨法显然取自董、巨二人,呈现着用笔尖劲,清淡疏秀的特点。这在刘珏的山水画中,属于清寂淡雅的一路。此图选取一河开出两岸,将河的空白之虚构成两岸的遥望关系,从而拓展了山水画的表现空间,不仅给人以辽阔、空远的感觉,同时,还唤起观者对画中自然之境的向往。《仿倪瓒山水图》用笔苍劲,墨色淡雅、冷峻静谧的江南风景。和作者深厚的文人修养,浑然一体。
《明杨文骢仿倪瓒山水图》是明代画家杨文骢的作品。该画构图富有特色。画面的左侧是一带连绵的山坡和断涯,右侧是大片浩淼的水域。该幅画上画家运枯笔焦墨,笔墨虽枯而腴润,颇似黄公望的画法。
《高士临流图》是一幅颇得逸趣的作品。杨文骢为晚明著名画家,字龙友,原籍贵州,客籍金陵(南京),万历47年举人,官至兵部右侍郎。他与弘光朝辅臣马士英为亲戚,幷于马士英中进士之年中了举人,随著马士英的当权而步入仕途。然而在清军大兵压境之时,马士英捆绑财宝仓皇南逃,杨文骢则率军抵抗至战败,被俘后不降而死。杨文骢善交游,与当时文人多有结谊。擅书法尤善行书,所书有清俊之气,甚为时人喜爱。绘画则得吴伟业褒奖,名列“画中九友”之一。《高士临流图》以干笔淡墨绘山水,画面清润,云水交合,画中一长者徜徉山水间,状若觅诗,作品富溢文人逸气。上方有长题,乃一则美文,是以比兴之法对画中人物作赞美。画为“士安词盟”作,未署作年,作画地点为“醉李舟中”。“士安”何人不得而知,但既为“词盟”,即使不是杨文骢的复社盟友,也一定是杨文骢敬重的志同道合的文友,这从长题中可以得到证明。醉李则在浙江桐乡,那是江南水乡的腹地。醉李本作檇李,是一种嘉木,结实为果中珍品,成熟时色红味鲜,啄一小孔,插一细管可以吸食,是其与其它李子不同之处。因其味让人陶醉,所以檇李又叫醉李,乡人以之代指地名,从此这方水土名扬天下。当年浙江嘉兴、桐乡一带,水网比今日发达,苏、锡、常,杭、嘉、湖就是因为四通八达的水网连成一片,乡人出行,非舟莫行。文人们最爱乘舟出游江南,所以醉李又是文人兴会的地方,尤其是每年七、八月份的果熟时节,文人们纷纷前往,品醉李,吟诗作画,不亦乐乎。明中期的吴门画家们就喜欢去那里,明末时候,杨文骢的朋友蓝瑛也常去那里,幷于“醉李舟中”寄兴丹青,他的名作《江皋话古图轴》就是在“醉李舟中”所作。《高士临流图》水墨纸本,纵135.5厘米,横49.5厘米,品相完好,民国时归藏知名收藏家秦通理,右下角“颐椿庐秦通理藏书画印”即为其所钤。
Guizhou Guiyang people. The word son, Long Friends, No. Chen Long, crane nest, snow 盦, Shao Huai aspirations, learning and civil and military, good painting, literary grace, Wanli late held in the township. After repeated test is not the first, Chongzhen seven years (1634) Huating encyclical, after Qingtian, Yongjia, Jiangning magistrate. (1645) served as minister of war, the military governor, the following year in August the Qing troops into the Fujian (state) two government, Zheng Hongkui, Zheng Caijun, Longwu first year (1645) , Was unyielding died, his family more than thirty mouth all died. Works of "landscape shift" "Xunmei Tang poetry" "Eight poems of Chongzhen Yang Wen Cong volume", and in recent years edited and published "Yang Wen Cong painting and calligraphy."
Yang Wencong Zhuo was Jueyi, because of his poems, books, painting Ruin, there are good at riding and shooting. Yang Wencong's poems handed down "Xunmei Tang poetry", engraved in Chongzhen fifteen years, and nine years ago, Xia Yunding compilation engraved "Chongzhen eight poems", the column Yang Wen Cong as a. Yang Wencong's poems and more to describe the time of patriotism, teachers and students of flesh and blood, the fascination of the mountains and valleys, warm and full of generosity, as his friend Chen Zilong said: "Longyou poem Youqiao thought, gloomy color, Heroic and without losing the peace, Yi Kuang and Zhuang Ya. "His text is also very good, especially travel. Chongzhen three years of engraved poetry and painting collection of "landscape shift", the collection of "Taiwan swing diary" more than 8,000 words, called the superior, Mr. Bai Jian said, "Rong Ming Shan wonders, anecdotes, local customs in one Furnace, odd situation stacked, Miaoxu scene, full of poetic painting between the lines, intriguing, fascinating.
Yang Wencong's painting name is more than the poem name, Wu Meicun for "painting nine friends" poem, it is called "painting nine friends" one. His painting, the painting at that time many celebrities have Chong assessment, record numerous. Qinmao De and his then Dong Qichang par: "I even poem and amusement, Muhao all the public permission, each of which shamisen, will push friends and Huating Dong Zongbo and drive the Central Plains, front of the remaining sub, fresh See also their horses, is a private good Zai? Test call of this figure, when the answer from the out.
Dong Qichang's evaluation is also very high: "Yang Longyou was born in your building, independent, the stage dang and so on, there is the bone of the Song to the knot, the charm of the yuan to its flirtatious, Yu surprised that out of the giant, "He loved Nanjing Qixiashan scenery, had studied in the mountains, leisure often Dengfeng Ding, overlooking the Yangtze River. A few years later, memories of this life, has painted "Jiang Wang Qixia", and the title Wing on to express feelings of remembrance.
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