杭世骏自幼家境贫寒，勤奋好学，年轻时偶尔过访友人馆舍，见异文秘册，^[1]  即端坐那里默默记下其中要点，用功之勤，可见一斑。王瞿序《道古堂集》曰：“堇浦於学无所不贯，所藏书拥榻积几，不下十万卷。堇浦枕藉其中，目睇手纂，几忘晷夕。”杭世骏经常向他人借书阅读，并与同乡梁诗正、孙灏、严在昌等人组织读书会，互相讨论学术。雍正二年(1724）考中举人，屡次赴考进士不中。雍正九年(1731年)，杭世骏在主持纂修《浙江通志·经籍志》时，坚持按事实修志，然而当时文网颇密，官府修志，要删除违碍字句，因此他的要求遭到拒绝。后曾受聘担任福建乡试的同考官。乡试的考官一般都由进士出身的官员担任。而杭世骏能以举人的身份担任考官，足以说明他在当时影响之大。 乾隆元年(1736），杭世骏应浙江总督程元章之荐考取了丙辰博学鸿词科，名列一等第五，授翰林院编修之职，校勘武英殿《十三经》、《二十四史》，纂修《三礼义疏》。

直言贾祸

乾隆八年，久旱无雨，乾隆帝循例下诏求直言，开御史试。杭世骏以为当今皇上纳谏入流，于是贸然上了一篇洋洋洒洒数千字的《时务策》，言“意见不可先设，轸域不可太分，满洲才贤号多，较之汉人，仅什之三四，天下巡抚尚满汉参半，总督则汉人无一焉，何内满而外汉也？三江两浙天下人才渊薮，边隅之士间出者无几。今则果于用边省之人，不计其才，不计其操履，不计其资俸。而十年不调者，皆江浙之人，岂非意见轸域？”主要内容是指责朝廷用人存在偏见。他认为天下满洲人少、汉人多，而各地总督却没有一个汉人；江浙人才辈出，但在政府中多年没有人升调。虽然，他所写的内容都能切中时弊，但清朝由满洲贵族统治，一直存在着防范汉人的心理，杭世骏恰恰是触及了“满汉畛域”这个最忌讳的问题。乾隆皇帝一见之下，勃然大怒说：“满汉远迩，皆朕臣工，朕从无歧视。国家教养百年，满洲人才辈出，何事不及汉人？”杭世骏被斥“怀私妄奏”，刑部议处死刑。刑部尚书徐本极力为杭世骏求情，称“是狂生，当其为诸生时，放言高论久矣”，并不停叩头，一直把额头都叩肿了。最后，杭世骏免死革职回乡。

家居著学

杭世骏性格伉直，恃才傲物。他甚至与礼部侍郎方苞发生辩论，引经据典，将一向以经学自负的方苞驳得无言以对。生活上也不拘细节，不喜欢看当时的邸报（邸报是当时政府的内部文告，只有一定地位的人才能看到）。他家居著书或讲学，闲居二十年，连当地与他年龄相仿的人做到了大学士、尚书、总督等政府高官，他全然不知道。一次，吏部尚书兼协办大学士刘纶去扬州安定书院看望他。他问刘纶：“现在做什么官?”刘纶回答说：“实不相瞒，已经做了很多年大学士了。”杭世骏感到非常惊讶。事实上，杭世骏除了平时讲学以外，把其他的时间都用于著书立说上了。尽管与他同一年考中“博学鸿词科”的许多人都做了高官，惟独他一人被遣放回家，但是他著的书却是这些人当中最多的。他较著名的书就有《两浙经籍志》、《经籍志》、《榕城诗话》、《词科掌录》等。杭世骏的诗在当时更是与厉鹗齐名，尝赋《方镜诗》二十四首，在京城被传诵一时。

乾隆十六年（1751）得以平反，官复原职。晚年主讲广东粤秀和江苏扬州两书院。

杭世骏一生勤于学术，虽以诗名，但实精于史，曾建道古堂、补史亭，著述颇丰，多达几百卷，其中有《诸史然疑》、《史记考证》、《两汉书疏证》、《三国志补注》、《晋书补传赞》、《北史搴稂》等书，并补纂《金史》。他在朝内时，曾从《永乐大典》中抄辑《宋元来诸儒礼记说》数百卷，以续宋人卫正叔书。可惜现存者不多。另有《道古堂文集》48卷、《道古堂诗集》26卷、《石经考异》、《续方言》、《榕城诗话》、《两浙经籍志》、《历代艺文志》、《经史质疑》、《文选课虚》、《榕桂堂集》等。

雍正二年(1724)进士，由浙江总督程元章推荐，乾隆初召试博学鸿词科，授编修。校刊武英殿《十三经》、《二十四史》诸书，纂修《三礼义疏》后，改任御史。曾陈言“朝廷用人，宜泯满汉之见”，乾隆不悦，被罢归故里，遂潜心于文学和著述。于经、史、词章等学，无不贯通。人称自黄宗羲后，以全祖望、杭世骏为经、史学大师。晚年被罢官后，主讲粤东与扬州书院。与厉鹗、赵撰、赵昱、丁敬等人结为密友，商讨诸学。于学无不贯通，所藏书拥榻积几，藏书10万卷。被罢官回家后，与“振绮堂”、“飞鸿堂”、“知不足斋”等藏书之家，互抄所无。建有藏书楼名“道古堂”、“补史亭”，藏书、著述其中。“凡有关涉中州文献者，悉置其处”。所著目录学著作有《续经籍考》、《两浙经籍志》、《历代艺文志》，阅书15000种有奇。藏书印有“堇浦校定”、“春水老人”等。著有《石经考异》、《续礼记集说》、《诸史然疑》、《续方言》、《两汉书蒙拾》、《三国志补注》、《溶城诗话》、《金史补》、《词科掌录》、《道古堂诗文集》等。

乾隆南巡到杭州，杭世骏也参与迎驾，乾隆见了他问道：“你靠什么生活？”杭答：“臣世骏开旧货摊。”皇帝不懂，问道：“什么叫开旧货摊？”杭解释道：“把买来的破铜烂铁陈列在地上卖掉。”皇帝听了大笑，写了“买卖破铜烂铁”六个大字赐他。

据传杭世骏为人耿介，敢于直言。时值天下大旱，乾隆特开“阳城马周科”，测验翰林院官。意在选拔人才，帮他治理国家。杭世骏在这次试卷中直言不讳，条陈建议，提出“朝廷用人”不要以满汉划线，应该泯灭“满汉之见”。“满州贤才虽多，较之汉人十之三四。天下巡抚常满汉参半，总督则汉人无一也。何内满而外汉也？”还说：“三江两浙，天下人才渊薮，边隅之士，间出者无几。今则果于用边之人，不计其才，不计其操履，不计其资俸，而十年不调者，皆江浙之人，岂非有意见畛域？”话说得恳切。

实际乾隆开科，取治国干才，却是叶公好龙，一旦真的听到“直言”，就怒不可遏：“怒抵其卷于地者再，复取视之”。传说人家帮他说话：他是狂士。乾隆便说：“这种狂士，只能收卖废铜烂铁！”杭世骏由是罢归田里。他回到杭州，在闹市摆了一个地摊，布招大书：

“奉旨收卖废铜烂铁”。一时观者如堵。

记载，乾隆问杭世骏说：“你性情改过么？”世骏回答：“臣老矣，不能改也。”乾隆问：“何以老而不死？”回答说：“臣尚要歌咏太平。”笑了笑。龚自珍《杭大宗逸事状》中则说：“癸已岁，纯皇帝南巡，大宗迎驾湖上，上顾左右曰：‘杭世骏尚未死么？’大宗返舍，是夕卒。”不知是真是假。

Hang Shijun (1695-1773) Qing Dynasty literati, painter. The word bulk, number Pandora, alias Zhiguang lay, Qin Ting old people, Chunshui elderly, A Chun, room name Road Church, Renhe (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) people. Yongzheng two years (1724) Juren, the first year of Qianlong (1736) held Hongbo, grant editing, official censor. Qianlong eight years (1743) due to sparse words, by Emperor cross-examination, dismissed after the foster mother and studying for the matter. Qianlong sixteen years (1751) to be rehabilitated, the official reinstatement. In his later years, Guangdong Yuexiu and Jiangsu Yangzhou two college. Work book, good writing plum bamboo, landscape sketch, sparse Dan Yat-induced. Life diligent academic, works quite abundant, author of "Road Church set", "Rong Guitang set" and so on.

Historical figures

Hang Shih-chun childhood early childhood poor, studious, young friends occasionally visit the premises, see different text secretaries, [1] that sit there silently note the points, diligently, can be seen. Wang Qu order "Taoist Church set" said: "Pandora in the school to learn everything, the collection of books with couch plot a few, no less than one hundred thousand volumes.White Pillow which, head Di hand compile, a few forgotten sundial evening. To borrow books from others to read, and with fellow Liang Shizheng, Sun Hao, Yan Zaichang and others organized reading meetings, discussing each other academic. Yongzheng two years (1724) test in the lifts, many times in the examination Scholars are not. Yongzheng nine years (1731), Hang Shijun in the compilation of the compilation of "Zhejiang Annals of the annals", adhere to the facts by Chi Chi, but when the text network is very dense, official records, to delete the violation sentence, so his request was Refuse. After hired as the Fujian provincial examiners with the examiner. Provincial examiners are generally held by officials from the Jinshi. And Hang Shih-chun to lift the identity of the person as an examiner, enough to show his great influence at the time. The first year of Emperor Qianlong (1736), Hang Shijun should be the Governor of Zhejiang Cheng Yuanzhang recommended Bing Chen learned Hong Che words, ranked first fifth, granted Imperial Academy editing duties, collation Wu Ying Dian "Thirteen Classics", "twenty Four history ", compiling the" three yi sparse. " Blame Jia bad Emperor Qianlong eight years, long drought without rain, Emperor Qianlong emperor under the example of imperial, open imperial history. Hang Shih-chun that the emperor today admonish the inflow, so rashly on an eloquent thousands of words "when the policy", words "views can not be first set, Zhen domain can not be too much, Manchurian Yin Xian number, compared to Han, Three or four, the governor is still Manchandanban, the Governor is Han Chinese Yan, He is also full of foreigners? Sanjiang Liangzhe world talent deep-seated, edge corner of the person between the few .This is the result of the use of provincial people , Regardless of their talent, regardless of their actions, regardless of their funding .And ten years of non-transfer, all of Jiangsu and Zhejiang people, is it not opinion Zhen? "The main content is accused the court employment bias. He believes that the world Manchu few Han Chinese, and the Governor did not have a Han Chinese; Jiangsu and Zhejiang talented people, but in the government for many years no one raised tone. Although the contents of his writing can cut the current situation, but the Qing Dynasty ruled by the Manchu aristocracy, there has been against the Han Chinese psychology, Hang Shijun is precisely touched on the "Man Han" the most taboo problem. The emperor of Emperor Qianlong, under the sight of the emperor Qianlong, said: "the whole Han far near, are I Chen Gong, I never discriminated. National upbringing for centuries, Manchu talented people, what is less than the Han?" Hang Shijun denounced " , The Ministry of Punishment on death row. Bingbushangshu Xu strongly sought for the Hangzhou Shi Jun, said, "is a mad, when it is for the students, the boast of high on the argument for a long time," and kept kowtowing, has been the forehead knocked swollen. Finally, Hang Shi-jun dismissed from their hometowns. Home school Hang Shi Chun character Kang straight, depend on only arrogance. He even with the Ministry of Rites Lang Fang Bao debate, quoted by the Code, will always have to learn by the conceited side of bracts speechless. Life is also informal detail, do not like to see at the time of the Di Bao (Di Bao was the government's internal message, only a certain status of people can see). His home book or lectures, idle for twenty years, even the local people of his age to do with the University Bachelor, Book, Governor and other government officials, he did not know. Once, the Ministry of Personnel and the Associate Professor Liu Lun to Yangzhou Anding College to see him. He asked Liu Lun: "What to do now?" Liu Lun replied: "It is not Xiangman, has done a lot of years of college." Hang Shih-chun was very surprised. In fact, Hang Shih-chun in addition to the usual lectures, the other time are used for books on legislation. Although the same year with him in the examination, "PhD" many people have done a senior official, but he was sent home one by one, but his book is the most among these people. His more famous books have "two zhe jingzhi", "jingzhi", "rongcheng poem", "word division recorded" and so on. Hang Shih-chun's poetry at that time is the same name with the Li E, taste Fu "Fang Jing Shi" twenty-four, was passed in the capital. Qianlong sixteen years (1751) to be rehabilitated, the official reinstatement. In his later years, Guangdong Yuexiu and Jiangsu Yangzhou two college.