戴熙(1801-1860)清代官员、画家。钱塘(今浙江杭州)人,字醇士(一作莼溪),号榆庵、松屏,别号鹿床居士(一作樚床)、井东居士。道光十一年(1831)进士,十二年(1832)翰林,官至兵部侍郎,后引疾归,曾在崇文书院任主讲。咸丰十年(1860)太平天国克杭州时死于兵乱,谥号文节。戴熙为清代官员、画家,擅画人物、花鸟,善于用墨,主要作品有《云岚烟翠图》、《忆松图》、《满门风华》等。
工诗书,善绘事。四王以后的山水画大家,被誉为"四王后劲",与清代画家汤贻汾齐名。山水早年师法王翚,进而摹拟宋元诸大家,对于王蒙、吴镇两家笔意更有所得。晚年观摩巨然真迹,在用墨方面有深切的领会。道光时宫廷书画多出于其手。又能画花鸟、人物,以及梅竹石,笔墨皆隽妙。秦祖永的评论是:"临古之作形神兼备,微嫌落墨稍板,无灵警浑脱之致,盖限于资也。所写竹石小品停匀妥帖,尚为蹊径所缚,未能另立门庭也。"戴熙另著有《习苦斋画絮》,于画理多有论述。题画偶录行世。
他的子侄受其影响都能绘画:长子有恒(1826-1891)(字大年,号保卿)所作山水笔意疏秀,有倪瓒风韵。以恒(字用伯)、之恒(字仲江,号菊孙)、其恒(字秀渠,又字问水)、尔恒(字子谦),皆继承家学,善作山水,而各有成就。以恒更有声誉,所作山水笔意淹润,墨气淋漓,而屋宇几席亦复精工,著有《醉苏斋画诀》。《清画家诗史》则称之恒画技为"戴氏群从之冠"。有恒子兆登、兆春亦均能画。
[1]戴熙,字醇士,浙江钱塘人。道光十二年进士,选庶吉士,授编修。大考二等,擢赞善,迁中允。十八年,入直南书房。督广东学政,任满,请终养。二十五年,服阕,未补官,复督广东学政,累迁内阁学士。二十八年,授兵部侍郎,仍直南书房。
先是,广东因士民阻英人入城,相持者数年。至二十九年,英人慑於民怒,暂罢议。宣宗嘉悦,以为奇功,锡封总督徐广缙子爵,巡抚叶名琛男爵。会熙召对,论及之。熙言广东民风素所谙悉,督抚所奏,恐涉铺张,非可终恃,上不怿。寻命书扇,有帖体字,传旨申饬。越日,命南书房书扁额,内监传谕指派同直张锡庚,戒勿交写误字之戴熙。未几,罢其入直。熙知眷衰,称病请开缺,上益怒,降三品京堂休致。
咸丰初,诏举人才,尚书孙瑞珍以熙荐,召来京候简用,因病未至。粤匪踞江宁,浙江戒严。熙偕官绅劝谕捐输,举行团练。八年,粤匪由江西扰浙东,熙助巡抚晏端书筹调兵食,乞援邻境。援师至,贼未得逞,渐退。以治团练劳,加二品顶戴。杭州初有民兵八百人,又选锋数百,事缓,以资绌,减少半。十年,粤匪由安徽广德入浙,连陷数县,犯湖州、武康。熙以所部练勇付按察使段光清,会旗兵防独松、千秋等关。贼至,敛兵入城守。熙谓用兵无独守孤城之理,宜分营城外相犄角,又议乘贼初至迎击,皆未行。熙与弟焘助守西北隅,炮毙黄衣贼一人,贼遽退匿山后。众谓贼且遁,熙料其诈,侦之,果转赴西南。昼夜环攻,久雨,兵疲。贼於宋镇湖门故址穴地轰城,遂陷,熙赴水死之。弟煦、媳金、及甥王朝荣,同殉。事闻,赠尚书衔,建专祠,予骑都尉兼云骑尉世职,谥文节。弟煦,精算学,自有传。
熙雅尚绝俗,尤善画。当视学广东,陛辞,宣宗谕曰:“古人之作画,须行万里路。此行遍历山川,画当益进。”其见重如此。后以直言黜。及殉节,遂益为世重。同时汤贻汾画负盛名,与熙相匹。亦殉江宁之难,同以忠义显,世称戴、汤云。
Dai Xi (1801-1860) Officials and painters of the Qing Dynasty. Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), the word alcohol disabilities (one for the Brasenia River), No. Um, Song Ping, alias deer lay (a bed), well East lay. Daoguang eleven years (1831) Jinshi, twelve years (1832) Hanlin, the official to the Ministry of War Lang, after cited disease, was in the Chongwen College. Xianfeng ten years (1860) Taiping Kingdom grams Hangzhou died in Bingluan, posthumous literary festival. Dai Xi for the Qing Dynasty officials, painters, good at painting figures, flowers and birds, good at using ink, the main works are "Yun Lan Yan Tsui map", "Yi Song map", "full door elegance" and so on.
Work poetry books, good painting thing. Four after the king of landscape painting everyone, known as the "four kings of stamina", and the Qing Dynasty painter Tang Yifen par. In the early years of the reigns, Wang Hui and the Song and Yuan Dynasties were all imitated by Wang and Wuzhen. In his later years to observe the giant genuine, in ink with a deep understanding. Daoguang palace paintings and more out of their hands. But also painted flowers and birds, characters, and plum stone, ink and text are wonderful. Qin Zuyong's comment is: "Pro ancient works for both shape and spirit, slightly off the ink slightly board, the inability of the police to get away, cover is also limited. Li Ting also. "Dai Xi, another with" learning pain Zhai painting Xu ", in the painting theory is discussed. Painting even painting the world.
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