朱迪思Judith Leyster(1609年7月28日——1660年2月10日),荷兰画家。
Leyster出生在哈莱姆为一月Willemsz Leyster,本地啤酒和clothmaker的第八个孩子。虽然她的训练的细节是不确定的,她已经不够好,在1628年已知的由荷兰书中被提及塞缪尔Ampzing题为Beschrijvinge恩德LOF德斯塔特Haerlem酒店。
有一些猜测,Leyster追求的职业生涯在绘画作为她的父亲破产的结果,需要引进资金的家庭。她可能已经学会了从绘画弗朗斯Pietersz德Grebber,[4]谁是在1620年运行的尊重车间哈勒姆。在此期间,她的家人搬到了省乌得勒支,她可能已经接触的乌德勒支卡拉瓦乔主义者。
她的第一个已知的签署工作进入了艺术家的公会1629前四年过时了。通过1633年,她是成员圣卢克哈勒姆协会,第二个女画家在那里注册。注册的第一个女人萨拉凡Baalbergen在1631年,谁喜欢Leyster,是不是一个既定的艺术家家庭哈勒姆的一员,而且她还嫁给了另一位画家; Barent面包车Eysen。有当时在哈莱姆的画家活跃的女性,但由于它们在家庭作坊工作过,他们并不需要专业资格必须能够签下作品或运行研讨会。)
她的自画像,C。1633(国家艺术画廊,华盛顿特区),已被提议作为她的介绍片公会。这幅自画像的历史,标志着从早期女性的自画像的刚性,取而代之的是更加轻松,动感姿态的转变。实际上,它是由任何荷兰画像的标准非常宽松,可比这主要与一些哈尔斯。然而,似乎不太可能在现实中,她画的油时,特别是在很宽的花边领穿这样的礼服。
两年内她进入公会,Leyster采取了三个男学徒。记录显示,Leyster起诉法兰斯哈尔斯接受谁离开了她的车间为哈尔斯她的一个学生,学生经过不到三天的时间进入录音室。学生的母亲支付Leyster 4 荷兰盾的惩罚性赔偿,只是什么Leyster要求,而且,而不是返回她的徒弟一半,哈尔斯支付三精荷兰盾定居的说法。Leyster被罚款自己对未注册的协会学徒。
在1636年,Leyster结婚扬Miense MOLENAER,类似的主题更多产的艺术家。在更好的经济前景的希望,他们搬到了阿姆斯特丹,在那里,他现有的客户。他们返回到哈勒姆区(之前在那里停留了十一年海姆斯泰德)。在海姆斯泰德他们共同在一个小房子位于现今的理由工作室Groenendaal公园。Leyster和MOLENAER有五个孩子,只有两个人活到成年。
大多数Leyster的日期作品都是从1629年至1635年,这与前一段她结婚生子一致。有一些已知件1635后涂:在一本关于郁金香从1643年,从1652画像,并从1654这是最近在私人收藏发现了一个静物两幅插图 Leyster可能与她的丈夫协同工作为好。1660年死于Leyster 50岁。
Leyster was born in Harlem in January Willemsz Leyster, the local beer and clothmaker in eighth children. Although the details of her training is uncertain, she is not good enough, in 1628 known by the Holland book mentioned Samuel Ampzing entitled Beschrijvinge LOF Haerlem Hotel Ende des ashtart.
There is some speculation that Leyster pursued a career in painting as a result of her father's bankruptcy, the need to introduce funds to the family. She may have learned from painting Frans de Grebber Pietersz [4], who is running in 1620 to respect the workshop in Haarlem. During this period, her family moved to Utrecht, she may have been in contact with the Utrecht Caravaggio doctrine.
Her first known signing work entered the guild of artists 1629 years ago. By 1633, she was a member of the Haarlem guild of St. Luke, second female painter in registered there. The first woman Salafan registered Baalbergen in 1631, who love Leyster, is a member of the family is not an established artist in Haarlem, and she also married another painter; Barent van Eysen. There was a painter in Harlem, active women, but because they worked on family workshops, they do not need professional qualifications must be able to sign works or run) seminar.
Her self portrait, C. 1633 (National Gallery of art, Washington, D. C.), has been proposed as an introduction to her film association. The history of this self portrait marks the rigidity of the self portrait of the early female, instead of a more relaxed, dynamic gesture. In fact, it is by any standard portrait of Holland is very relaxed, more than the main and some haers. However, it seems unlikely that in reality, when she painted oil, especially in a wide lace collar to wear such a dress.
Within two years she entered the guild, Leyster took three male apprentices. Records show, Leyster sued Frans Hals accepted who left her workshop for haers one of her students, students after less than three days in the studio. The student's mother to pay punitive damages Leyster 4 Holland shield, just what Leyster, but instead of returning her apprentice half, haers payment to settle the argument three fine Holland shield. Leyster fined himself for unregistered Association apprentices.
In 1636, Leyster married Yang Miense MOLENAER, a similar theme of more produced artists. In the hope of a better economic outlook, they moved to Amsterdam, where his existing customers. They returned to Haarlem (where they stayed for eleven years before Himes Ted). In hymes Ted them together in a small house in the grounds of studio Groenendaal park. Leyster and MOLENAER had five children, and only about two lived to adulthood.
Most of Leyster's dates are from 1629 to 1635, which is consistent with her previous marriage and birth. There are some known 1635 after coating: in a book about tulips from 1643, from 1652 and 1654 from the portrait, which was recently discovered in a private collection of two illustrations may still Leyster with her husband to work together for good. 1660 died of Leyster 50 years old.
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