邹佩珠(1920年农历七月初七—2015年5月4日) 女,浙江杭州人。是当代最早的女雕塑家,已故著名画家李可染的夫人,1938年考入重庆国立艺专雕塑系,在校期间曾任学生会主席,积极参与民族解放运动和民主运动以及文艺活动。1944年毕业,1946年应徐悲鸿之邀任教北平艺专。在她的积极倡议和参与下,筹建了我国第一所雕塑工厂(即今中央美院雕塑艺术创作研究所)。解放后任中央美术学院雕塑创作室干部,从事教学工作。20世纪50年代初参加了人民英雄纪念碑之辛亥革命———武昌起义组的起草和定稿任务。作品有《彭雪枫烈士纪念碑雕像》、《抗日战争群雕》、《掷铁饼》等。
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邹佩珠创作了众多作品,其中最著名的有首都体育馆休息大厅的大型浮雕运动员像、北京工人体育馆掷铁饼运动员像、安徽宿县烈士陵园和河南革命纪念馆的彭雪枫烈士纪念碑雕像等。邹佩珠是世纪老人中多才多艺的女艺术家,不仅仅在雕刻艺术方面有着很高的成就,在水墨丹青方面更是有着很深的造诣。她给清华建校90周年题词“笔性墨情”,皆以其人性为本。尤其在给孙毅将军的题词中充分体现了自己对书法的独特审美感受和学术尺度。欣赏邹老的各类书法作品时完全感觉不到这是一位85岁的老人所作,其作品有古韵而又不失现代气息。绘画方面邹佩珠老人也有着独特的创意,1983年她创作的《虾》被李可染称赞比他本人画得还好。而1975年老人所作的《雨后的苏州洞庭东山农舍小景》,也受到美术界人士的好评。
邹佩珠老人现任李可染艺术基金会董事长、李可染画院院长 、李可染旧居管理处名誉主任、中国书画函授大学和中央美术学院教授。作为李可染的亲密助手,邹佩珠老人为李可染的艺术创作贡献力量,她积极协助支持李可染 改革,发展中国山水画,陪同李可染写生,拍摄李可染教学电影片等工作。在李可染逝世后,为了把先生的艺术发扬光大、为了弘扬民族文化,邹佩珠老人怀着特殊情感,不知疲倦地主持出版了几十种李可染画集和书刊。为多次举办大型国内外展览、开展国内外文化交流活动及筹建李可染艺术基金会尽心尽力,作出了应有贡献。她将全部精力都献给了艺术事业。
2015年5月4日晚,著名雕塑家、已故画家李可染的夫人邹佩珠先生离世,享年95岁。她与李可染的儿子、艺术家李小可在朋友圈发出哀讯,证实了其母离世的消息。
捐赠是李可染的意愿
2009年6月1日,北京画院美术馆举办《实者慧——邹佩珠、李小可、李珠、李庚捐赠李可染作品展》,展出了捐赠的著名画家,第五、六、七届全国政协委员李可染先生的中国画作品108幅山水画、122幅书法作品、13幅水彩作品、9册素描作品、45幅收藏作品。
全国政协常委、北京画院院长王明明在作品集的前言《令人感佩的义举》中说:邹先生捐赠的这批李可染作品能完全反映李可染的艺术辉煌历程和取得的杰出艺术成就。可以设想,后人通过这批作品将获得学习上的宝贵机会,并进而学习李可染先生对于艺术永无止境的而又朴素赤诚的求索、创造精神和高尚的思想情操。
此前的2009年5月14日,北京市高级人民法院对媒体倍加关注的李可染先生遗产案作出终审判决,此次捐赠的就是法院认定的属于邹佩珠的作品。
李可染先生遗产案终于尘埃落定。
日前,邹佩珠老人接受了本报记者的独家专访,首次开口谈了前一阶段媒体关注的一些“家事”。
关于这次捐赠,邹佩珠说,捐赠作品给国家是李可染的意愿,也是我们二人为之奋斗一生的共同努力的成果。
邹佩珠说,在40年代初,李可染立志要改革中国画,让中华民族优秀的文化得以弘扬,并想为这个灾难深重的民族做一点事。这也是李可染与我两个目睹、经历20世纪所有苦难的文化人共同立下的志愿。为此我们奋斗一生,从未改变。40年代李可染提出“以最大的功力打进去,以最大的勇气打出来。”此后李可染不顾一切地向目标进发。我承担起家庭的所有负担,为家庭生计做兼职,一个人做多份工作,后期又放弃自己已有成就的雕塑事业。
这次捐赠的作品均为李可染先生各个时期具有代表性的作品,可以整体代表李可染先生的艺术成就。这是如何做到的呢?邹佩珠说,李可染精心将一生各个时期的作品保留,晚年还用价格较高的晚期作品换回自己早年作品,他是为了保留完整的系列,目的是要将一生的研究成果交给国家、留给后人。生前他多次说希望自己的艺术能像乒乓球一样为国争光。那时作品价格不高,他不敢想建美术馆的事,加上1989年他是猝死,所以没有安排好这件事。
团结孩子们一起捐赠
李可染有过两次婚姻7个子女,邹佩珠说,可染去世后,我最大的心愿就是要团结全家办好捐赠这件事,度过那段艰难的日子。可染在世时工作忙,怕打扰,前妻的几个孩子回来的很少。但他去世后,我在逢年过节的时候,能来的都叫他们回来,不管在哪有活动都是全家一起去,不能都去的也要派代表。丧事办完后,我给每个孩子(七个)每人拿出一摞存单,因为那时可染刚刚有稿费,有点钱了我就分着给存,每张有50元的,100元的。数额是按照每个人生活情况不同存的。比如老大李玉双困难、李珠困难,给他们各存了15000元。李庚和李小可是画家,生活比较好,给他们每人只存了5000元。其他孩子1万元左右。当时大孩子们很感动。那时可染作品的价格并没有多少钱,山水价格稍微多一些,哪有现在他们给我算的动不动就上亿的账。
邹佩珠说,因为大家都知道父亲留在家里作品的意义,刚开始他们没有说要分画,只是说:“妈妈给我们一些作品留作纪念。”这样我就从他们爸爸的各种画中,包括我们的收藏品和书法中,各拿出一些有代表性的给了他们。后他们又几次提出,我也了解他们的生活需要,那时也卖不了太多钱。有的孩子上学需要;有的要买房子,这样我也就同意了。先后分四次,每人共拿走16张作品和部分书法作品及少量收藏品。后来在诉讼中他们只有一个人承认16张,其他人都没有承认这么多张。虽然已拿走了绝大部分属于他们的作品,我还是希望团结他们一起捐赠,因为要让可染高兴,放心。要让社会觉得可染的孩子与其他的不同,在可染去世后的十六七年里,家里感情我认为一直很好。
价格暴涨带来的变化
2005年下半年,国家经济大好,中国画价格暴涨,邹佩珠说,可染作品更是翻了十几倍,想法不同了,对以前的约定产生变化。真如老子所说“祸兮福之所倚,福兮祸之所伏”。
邹佩珠原计划是在2007年可染百周年纪念时把他的作品捐献出来,给李可染百岁送个礼。但就在李可染百周年纪念日前的2007年四、五月间她接到了李可染前妻子女的起诉书。在长达两年的诉讼过程中,媒体报道主要集中在两个敏感问题:李可染过世后的作品流向和卖画收入。
邹佩珠说,李可染是个画家,以绘画为生。一生为生活、为友谊、为国家或各种原因,生前他卖的、送的和专门创作或是其他原因出去的画,早已不是我们家的,更不属于李可染的遗产。说多少作品不翼而飞,是不真实的。再说按照法律规定,可染留下的所有作品,我有9/16,其余七个孩子每人仅有1/16。也就是说我要是保管员也保管的是我自己的,弄“飞”的也是我自己的作品。这些作品是我和可染一辈子的心血,是我在多少次灾难中用命保存下来的。为的是要展示出来给后人看,我怎么能让它们“飞”呢?
另外,他们说几十张作品我擅自卖了一个亿、几个亿的,媒体也不停地出来炒,所以我就简单说一下。80年代末、90年代初,那时画能值几个钱?当时可染过世后,我带领全家给可染徐州老家为他修建的李可染旧居捐了十张绘画作品和10张书法,全家都去了;他们要办家庭基金会,拿了11张山水画,后因种种原因倒闭了,每人分了几万块钱;捐给中南海、故宫、统战部、江苏省美术馆等一些国家机构部分画作,他们都知道并参加了大部分活动;一些可染生前答应给的画,比如陈香梅原本可染约她是12月5日下午来,可染上午去世的;像京丰宾馆他们派司机给可染开了两年车,可染答应给两张画;等等。如此这些,后来我都按可染的意愿,把画给了。还有就是为办丧事、购买、修建墓地、成立基金会、办展览、为给可染出书等出售过一些画。可染过世后办过近20次展览,出版过几十本书,也就是通过这些展览和出版的画册,社会才有越来越多的人了解、认识、肯定可染,可染的作品才有今天的价值。我的原则是,把可染创造的财富用于发展他的事业、达到他的目标,作为他的亲人,是不应该有任何异议的。17年中大家也确实没有任何一个人提过异议,也都知道并参与了大部分活动。
我对李可染有了交待
邹佩珠说,这次捐赠的只是法院判给我的作品的一大部分。我也正在同中国美术馆谈,建立李可染专馆,我会再从剩余部分中,捐赠一些作品。他们同我的根本分歧是,他们要把作品卖了,达到所谓的“双
赢”。我不同意,我不要双赢,我的东西就是要捐给国家,留给历史和后人。
邹佩珠说,原本家务事也不想谈,想给可染减少不好的影响。可染的前妻是1938年去世的,1943年我和可染相识,那时他是个一无所有浑身是病的穷教书匠,只有四个孩子。今天所有的一切是我们两个共同创造得来的。我们两人一起定下目标,共同努力,我和他一起度过了近半个世纪的艰苦生活,承受了所有苦难。我们一同经历了战争、自然灾害、多次政治运动、疾病痛苦,这一辈子我只能用“提心吊胆”来形容。可染去世的20年里,由我主持他的事业,把所有财力、精力和各种社会资源,都用在可染艺术的宣传和研究上。这个开销很大,但我从没有心疼过。而我个人的生活,在他过世后的20年里没有任何改变。同以前一样,没有休息,没有享受。不是为了李可染的事业,我绝舍不得卖一张画。了解我的人都知道,我的生活远不如一般人。
家务事实在不想讲,说来说去没有任何意义,只有更伤李可染的心。今天我不得不讲,是第一次,也是最后一次,因为我嫁到李家至今已有六十五年了,从没有过一段安宁的日子,回想这些,我内心很痛苦。再过一个多月我就90岁了,今天我已基本完成了李可染和我的愿望,我可以对李可染有个交待了。其他毁誉对我这个耄耋老人来说已经不重要,只是希望他们能走好自己的路。
Zou Peizhu wrote numerous works, among which the most famous are the capital gymnasium lobby large relief athletes like, Beijing Workers Stadium, Anhui discus athletes like Suxian and Henan revolutionary martyrs cemetery Memorial Peng Xuefeng Martyrs Monument statue. Zou Peizhu is a versatile man of the century female artist, has the very high achievement not only in art, in terms of ink painting is a very deep attainments. She gave the inscription "the celebration of the 90 anniversary of Tsinghua pen ink", with the human nature. Especially in the inscription to general Sun Yi in his calligraphy reflects the unique aesthetic feelings and academic scale. Appreciating calligraphy works of Zou Lao all doesn't feel this is a 85 year old man made the works of ancient and modern flavor. Painting Zou Peizhu old man also has a unique creative, in 1983 she created the shrimp was praised by Li Keran than he himself painted well. The old man made the "1975 rain Suzhou Dongting Dongshan cottage" has also been the art scene, figuresat.
The old man Zou Peizhu Li Keran Art Foundation Chairman, Li Keran painting academy, Li Keran's former residence management office director emeritus, China University and China Central Academy of Fine Arts professor of painting and calligraphy correspondence. As a close aide to Li Keran, Zou Peizhu elderly Li Keran's artistic creation contribution, she actively support Li Keran's reform, development Chinese landscape painting, accompanied by the Li Keran painting, shooting film Li Keran teaching work. After Li Keran's death, in order to put Mr. art carry forward, in order to promote national culture, Zou Peizhu old man with special feelings, tirelessly published dozens of books and paintings of Li Keran. For many large-scale exhibitions at home and abroad, at home and abroad to carry out cultural exchanges and build his art foundation dedicated, has made its due contribution. She devoted all her energies to the cause of art.
May 4, 2015 evening, the famous sculptor, the late painter Li Keran's wife, Mr. Zou Peizhu died at the age of 95. She and Li Keran's son, artist Li Xiaoke in the circle of friends sent grief, confirmed the news of his mother died.
Donation is Li Keran's will
In June 1, 2009, Beijing Art Museum held a "real person -- Zou Peizhu, Li Xiaoke, Li Zhu Hui, Li Geng Li Keran donated Works Exhibition", exhibition donated by the famous painter, fifth, six or seven CPPCC National Committee members of Mr. Li Keran's works Chinese painting 108 painting and calligraphy works, 122 works, 9 volumes of 13 watercolor sketches 45, a collection of works.
CPPCC Standing Committee, President of Beijing Painting Academy Wang Mingming in the works of the "lingrenganpei act" in the works of Li Keran said: this group of Mr. Zou donated can fully reflect the art of Li Keran glorious history and achieved outstanding artistic achievement. You can imagine, the posterity through these works will be valuable opportunity to study, and then search for Mr. Li Keran, the art world without end and simplicity sincere creative spirit and noble sentiments.
Prior to May 14, 2009, the Beijing Municipal Higher People's Court of the media pay more attention to the legacy of Li Keran case made a final decision, the court finds that the donation is belongs to the works of Zou Peizhu.
Mr. Li Keran legacy finally settled.
The day before, the old man Zou Peizhu accepted the exclusive interview with this reporter, the first open to talk about some "family before the stage of media attention".
About this donation, Zou Peizhu said, donated the work to the country is the will of Li Keran, but also the results of the joint efforts of the two of us struggle for life.
Zou Peizhu said, in early 40s, Li Keran was determined to reform Chinese painting, let the Chinese excellent culture to carry forward, and to the disaster-ridden people to do something. This is Li Keran and I two witnessed, experienced all the suffering of the cultural people in twentieth Century jointly set up a volunteer. For this we strive for life, never change. In 40s, Li Keran proposed that "the largest power play in, playing out the courage." Since then Li Keran desperate to target. I bear all the burden of the family, for family life part-time, a person to do more jobs, and later give up their own achievements of the sculpture career.
The donated works are representative works of Mr. Li Keran in various periods, can represent the overall artistic achievements of Mr. Li Keran. This is how to do it? Zou Peizhu said, Li Keran carefully will retain the period in the life of the works, old age with high price in exchange for the later works of his early works, he is to retain the integrity of the series, the purpose is to research the life to the country, for posterity. He repeatedly said to his art is like a table tennis for. At that time the price is not high, he did not dare to want to build art museum, plus 1989 he was sudden death, so did not arrange this thing.
Unite the children to donate together
Li Keran had two marriages of the 7 children, said Zou Peizhu, after dyeing death, my biggest wish is to unite the family to do a good donation this thing, through the difficult days. May be busy when working in the world, afraid to disturb, ex-wife few children come back very little. But after his death, I in the festive season, can come to call them back, no matter where the activities are the whole family go together, can not go to also send representatives. After the funeral, I give every child (seven) each to pull out a pile of deposit, because can be dyed just another bit of money I will share to save, each 50 yuan, 100 yuan. The amount is different according to the living conditions of each person. For example, the boss Li Yushuang difficult, difficult for Li Zhu, give them each save 15000 yuan. Li Geng and Li Xiaoke are painters, life is better, to each of them only save 5000 yuan. Other children about 10 thousand yuan. At that time the big children were moved. At that time the price can be dyed works and not much money, landscape prices a little more, which now they give me count on the hundreds of millions of accounts.
Zou Peizhu said, because we all know the meaning of his father left home works, they did not say at the beginning of the sub painting, but said: "mom gave us some works to commemorate." So I took some representative from their father's various paintings, including our collections and calligraphy. After several times they raised, I also understand their life needs, then can not sell too much money. Some children go to school need; some want to buy a house, so I agreed. Has been divided four times, each took a total of 16 works and some calligraphy works and a small collection. Later in the lawsuit they only one person admitted 16, others did not admit so many zhang. Although I have taken away most of the works that belong to them, I still hope to unite them to donate together, because I want to make sure I am happy and happy. To make the community feel that the children can be dyed different, in the sixteen years after the death of the dye, the family feelings I think has been very good.
Changes in price spikes
The second half of 2005, the country's economy is good, Chinese painting prices soared, Zou Peizhu said, can be dyed works is turned over ten times, the idea is different, the previous agreement changes. As Lao Tzu said "blessing hill, Fu Xi disaster of".
Zou Peizhu originally planned to be in 2007 when he was able to celebrate the 100th anniversary of his work donated to give a gift to the centenary of Li Keran. But in the 100 anniversary of Li Keran before 2007 four, in May she received the children's indictment of Li Keran's ex-wife. In two years of litigation, media reports focused on two sensitive issues: Li Keran's death after the work flow and selling revenueZou Peizhu said, Li Keran is a painter, painting for a living. Life for life, for friendship, for the country or for various reasons, he sold, and sent special creation or other reasons out of the painting, is not our home, but does not belong to his heritage. How many works take wings to itself is not true. Besides in accordance with the law, all the works can be dyed, I have 9/16, the remaining seven children each only 1/16. In other words, if I keep the custodian is also my own, get "fly" is my own work. These works and I can with a lifetime of effort, is preserved in how many times I Yongming in the disaster. How do I make them fly?
In addition, they said dozens of works I sold one hundred million, a few hundred million, the media kept coming out speculation, so I simply say. At the end of 80s and early 90s, painting can be worth some money then? At that time can be dyed after the death, I led the family to dye Xuzhou home he built the house of Li Keran donated ten paintings and 10 pieces of calligraphy, all went to; they want to do family foundation, took the 11 piece of landscape painting, after various reasons fail, each of the tens of thousands of dollars; to Zhongnanhai, the Imperial Palace, the United Front Work Department, Jiangsu Provincial Museum and national institutions part of paintings, they all know and participate in most activities; some can be dyed before the promised paintings, such as Chen Xiangmei originally dyeable about her December 5th afternoon, with morning death; like Jingfengbinguan they sent the driver to open the car for two years can be dyed, dyeing promised two pictures and so on. And so, then, I gave the painting to the will of the. There is a funeral, purchase, construction of the cemetery, the establishment of the foundation, exhibitions, in order to sell some books with pictures. Can be dyed after the death of office nearly 20 exhibitions and published dozens of books, it is through these exhibitions and published pictures, society is more and more people know and understand, certainly can dye, dye works is worth today. My principle is that the use of the wealth created for the development of his cause, to achieve his goal, as his loved ones, should not have any objection. 17 years, we really do not have any one raised objections, but also know and participate in most activities.
I have an account of Li Keran.
Zou Peizhu said that this donation is the court awarded my work the most. I am also with the China Gallery, established in his museum, I will from the remaining part, giving some works. Their fundamental disagreement with me is that they want to sell the work to the so-called "double"
Win". I do not agree, I do not win, my thing is to donate to the country, leaving history and future generations.
Zou Peizhu said that the original chores do not want to talk, want to be able to reduce the impact of bad dyeing. My dyed ex wife died in 1938, and in 1943 I met him, who was a poor schoolteacher who had nothing to do, only four children. Today everything is what we two co create. The two of us set a goal together, I worked together with him for nearly half a century of hard life, bear all the hardships. We've experienced the pain of war, natural disasters, many political movements, disease, this life I can only use "always on tenterhooks" to describe. In the 20 years since his death, I have presided over his career and put all his financial resources, energy and various social resources into publicity and Research on the art of dyeing. It's a big expense, but I never feel bad about it. And my personal life has not changed in the 20 years since his death. As before, no rest, no enjoyment. Not for Li Keran's sake, I never want to sell a picture. People who know me know that my life is no better than average.
In fact the housework do not want to talk, after all is said and done nothing, only more hurt Li Keran heart. Today I have to say, is the first time, but also the last time, because I have been married to Lee has been sixty-five years, never had a quiet day, think of these, I am very painful. In more than a month I will be 90 years old, today I have basically completed the Li Keran and I wish, I can have a confession to Li Keran. The other got for me the oldest old is not important, just hope that they can take their own road.
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