《墨兰图》北京故宫博物院藏

 人物经历

轶事

孟坚隐居广陈时，制一小船，满载琴书杓具，自随舟中，看夕阳，赋晓月，至忘寝食。临终赋诗有"百年处世欠三秋，事业都归水上沤"之句。赵孟坚也是南宋最出名的书画收藏家，他嗜好收藏书画古物，常用一只船载着书画文物及纸笔墨砚等，东游西适，评赏书画古玩，吟诗作画。当时人称其舟为"赵子固书画船"。史载其"多藏三代以来金石名迹，遇其会意时，虽倾囊易之而不靳也"。据说他开庆元年(1259)曾得书法珍品五字不损本兰亭即曾得王羲之《兰亭帖》，夜间泛舟归至霅溪牟山，归家时，风作舟覆，其"被湿衣立浅水中，手持褉帖示人曰:'兰亭在此，余不足惜也。'因题八字于《兰亭帖》卷首云:'性命可轻，至宝是保。'"其酷嗜收藏到了几乎疯狂的地步。

隐居

旧传宋亡不仕，隐居广陈(今平湖市广陈镇北)。县令往访，孟坚飞舟逸去，县令叹息说"名可闻，身不可见"。从弟孟頫宋亡仕元，自湖州来访，闭门不纳。《芦川竹枝词》中《子固见弟诗》云:"南渡王孙此隐居，踵门贵客枉停车。当年介弟犹坚拒，座上那堪受浊污。"与陶菊隐、殷澄并称"秀州三义"。据近代学者考证，赵孟坚逝于宋亡前10余年，所谓宋亡不仕及拒见赵孟頫事不实。

文献记载

《宋人轶事汇编》载:赵孟坚入元以后，不乐仕进，隐居州之广陈镇(古海盐县，今平湖市广陈镇北)。"公(赵孟坚)从弟子昂(赵孟頫)自苕来访公，闭门不纳。夫人劝公，始令从后门入。坐定，第问:'弁山笠泽近来佳否?'子昂曰:'佳。'公曰:'弟奈山泽佳何!'子昂退，使人濯坐具。"

《光绪石门县志》载:宋亡后，赵孟坚隐居广陈镇，晚年因谦仕元宗族打扰，徙居语溪(今桐乡县)儿子处，赵有二子:赵由恭、赵由敬，孙赵文佳。

《岁寒三友图》台北故宫博物院藏

 画家身份

赵孟坚在南宋末年兼具贵族、士大夫、文人三重身份的著名画家。赵孟坚儒雅博识，工诗文，善书法，擅水墨白描水仙、梅、兰、竹石。其中以墨兰、白描水仙最精，取法扬无咎，笔致细劲挺秀，花叶纷披而具条理，繁而不冗，工而不巧，颇有生意，给人以"清而不凡，秀而雅淡"之感，世皆珍之。赵孟坚的首创墨兰(用墨写兰)笔调劲利而舒卷，清爽而秀雅。画上春兰两株，丛生草地，鲜花盛开，如蝶起舞，给人以清新的快感。所南翁画兰则以画"露根兰"(即画兰不画土)出名，他元朝初年隐居吴下，以画露根兰寄寓他的无土亡国之痛。他在墨兰长卷中更是题上"纯是君子，绝无小人"的话，以表达其民族的自尊心。他的画风笔墨简洁，别有清绝之趣。元代著名画家书法家赵孟頫的兰蕙图则明显地师承了赵孟坚的画法，以自由抒卷的笔调来表达一种奔放而飘逸的情感。明代文征明的兰则笔墨恣肆，且常杂以竹、荆、石块，以衬托兰姿。随后有女画家马守真的工笔淡写，画家徐渭的大笔挥洒，画家项元汴的中锋(笔锋)洒脱，画家周天球的折叶卷花，都各具风致。至清朝和近代，画兰之风更盛，且更各具个性，各显高致。

收藏家身份

赵孟坚也是南宋最出名的书画收藏家，他嗜好收藏书画古物，常用一只船载着书画文物及纸笔墨砚等，东游西适，评赏书画古玩，吟诗作画。当时人称其舟为"赵子固书画船"。史载其"多藏三代以来金石名迹，遇其会意时，虽倾囊易之而不靳也"。据说他曾得书法珍品五字不损本兰亭，归家时，风作舟覆，其"被湿衣立浅水中，手持褉帖示人曰:'兰亭在此，余不足惜也。'因题八字于卷首云:'性命可轻，至宝是保。'"其酷嗜收藏到了几乎疯狂的地步。

 折叠

传世作品

传世作品有《白描水仙图卷》、《岁寒三友图》、《墨兰图卷》、《自书诗卷》、《梅谱》等。著作集为《彝斋文编》4卷。其书法气度萧爽，有六朝风致，时人比之米芾。

折叠词作选摘

沁园春(过天下第一江山呈何守)

许大江山，镇临弹压，岂小任哉。从D93C冢导漾，东倾注海，截然限止，南北天开。试向中流，回观铁瓮，万石层棱攒剑堆。金焦峙，号紫金浮玉，卷雪轰雷。

君侯文武兼才。天有为生才南国来。□历二十年，筹边给饷，上流襟要，几为安排。今此雄藩，精明笳鼓，又唤金汤气象回。长淮北，望中原非远，更展恢规。

鹊桥仙(岩桂和韵)

明金点染，枝头初见，四出如将刀翦。芳心才露一些儿，早已被、西风传遍。

归来醉也，香凝襟神，疑向广寒宫殿。便须著个胆瓶儿，夜深在、枕屏根畔。

沁园春(赏春)

晓上画楼，望里笑惊，春到那家。便从臾闲情，安排醉事，寻芳唤友，行过平沙。最是堪怜，花枝清瘦，欲笑还羞寒尚遮。浓欢赏，待繁英春透，后会犹赊。

归时月挂檐牙。见花影重重浸宝阶。□铜壶催箭，兽环横钉，浓斟玉醑，芳漱琼芽。步绕曲廊，倦回芳帐，梦遍江南山水涯。谁知我，有墙头桂影，窗上梅花。

朝中措(客中感春)

担头看尽百花春。春事只三分。不似莺莺燕燕，相将红杏芳园。

名缰易绊，征尘难浣，极目销魂。明日清明到也，柳条插向谁门。

好事近(前题)

春早峭寒天，客里倦怀尤恶。侍起冷清清地，又孤眠不著。

重温卯酒整瓶花，总待自霍索。忽听海棠初卖，买一枝添却。

感皇恩(初任官所为慈闱寿)

官小宦游初，清贫如旧。小簇杯盘旋篘酒。虽然微禄，不比他们丰厚。也知惭愧是，皇恩受。

富贵千般，享之惟寿。心地平时到头有。摩挲铜狄，祝望比他长久。鼎来荣贵待，通闺后。

感皇恩(次任为慈围寿，是年慈闱六十二岁本命后一年也)

一百二十年，两番甲子。前番风霜饱谙矣。今番甲子，一似腊尽春至。程程有好在，应惭愧。

莫道官贫，胜如无底。随分杯筵称家计。从今数去，尚有五十八生朝里。待儿官大，做奢遮会。

风流子(清涵万象阁)

望极思悠悠。江如练、籁息浪纹收。看帆卷帆舒，往来征艇，鹭飞鹭立，远近芳洲。逝波不舍山常好，只白少年头。杜若满汀，离骚幽怨，鸱夷去国，烟浪遨游。

江南知何许，青林晚，山断处、白云浮。怀古慨今，谁人似我闲愁。叹醉生浪迹，鲈乡蟹舍，殢红怨粉，莲棹菱舟。敲遍阑干，默然竟日凝眸。

花心动

絮随风不拘管，飞入洞房人不知。画堂绣幕垂朱户，玉炉销尽沈香炷。半褰斗帐曲屏山，尽日梁间双燕语。美人睡起敛翠眉，强临鸾鉴不胜衣。门外秋千一笑发，马上行人肠断归。"近日风雅遗音多谱前贤名作，因效颦云。

庭院深深，正花飞零乱，蝶懒蜂稀。柳絮狂踪，轻入房栊，悄悄可有人知。画堂镇日闲晴昼，金炉冷、绣幕低垂。梁间燕，双双并翅，对舞高低。

兰幌玉人睡起，情脉脉、无言暗敛双眉。斗帐半褰，六曲屏山，憔悴似不胜衣。一声笑语谁家女，秋千映、红粉墙西。断肠处，行人马上醉归。

蓦山溪(初改官为慈闱寿)

几年修绩，总待荣亲老。每羡院南豪，向寿席、花花草草。如今惭愧，微胜十年前，聊尔办，杯盘了，一对慈颜笑。

愿亲强健，绿鬓长长好。来岁在琴堂，想凡事、应微热闹。契天交道，只办好心肠，官尽大，尽荣亲，待受金花诰。

蓦山溪(怨别)

桃花雨动，测测轻寒小。曲槛面危阑，对东风、伤春怀抱。酒边心事，花下旧闲情，流年度，芳尘杳，懊恼人空老。

粉红题字，寄与分明道。消息燕归时，辗柔茵、连天芳草。琐窗孤影，夜卜烛花明，清漏断，月朦胧，挂在梅梢袅。

 Zhao Mengjian (1199-1264), painter of Southern Song Dynasty in China. Born in the fifth year of Qingyuan (1199), died in the fifth year of Jingding (1264), said died in the third year of Xianchun (1267). Zigu, named Yizhai; Song clan, Song Taizu 11th Sun, Han nationality, Haiyan Guangchen (now Jiaxing Pinghu Guangchen).

He was the director of Huzhou Lao, Shipping Department, Zhuji Zhixian County and Tieju Zuoqian. Gongshi is good at literature, family wealth collection, good at plum, orchid, bamboo, stone, especially the white narcissus; its paintings are mostly ink-washed, fluent, light ink, elegant style, highly respected by scholars.

There are handed down calligraphy ink marks "Self-written Poetry Volume", "Ink Lantu", "Ink Narcissus Picture", "Suihan Sanyou Picture" and so on, and four volumes of "Yi Zhai Wen Bian".

Character experience

Anecdote

When Mengjian lived in seclusion in Guangchen, he made a boat full of piano, books and dippers. From the boat, he watched the sunset, Fuxiao moon and forgot to sleep and eat. The poems on the deathbed contain the phrase "one hundred years of life owes three autumns, and all undertakings belong to the water trap". Zhao Mengjian is also the most famous collector of calligraphy and painting in the Southern Song Dynasty. He likes to collect calligraphy and painting antiquities. He often uses a boat to carry calligraphy and painting relics, paper, pen, ink inkstone and so on. He travels eastward and westward to appreciate calligraphy and painting antiques and recite poems and paintings. At that time, people called his boat "Zhao Zigu's painting and calligraphy boat". Historically, it is recorded that "the gold and stone monuments of the three generations since Tibet, when met with their understanding, although they pour money into easy pockets rather than Jin Ye". It is said that in the first year of Kaiqing (1259), he had acquired five characters of calligraphy treasures without damaging Ben Lanting, that is, Wang Xizhi's Lanting Tie. He returned to Moushan by boating at night. When he returned home, the style of boating overturned, and his "wet clothes were standing in shallow water, holding a poster saying:'Lanting is here, which is not enough to cherish. Because the title eight words in the "Lanting Tie" volume head cloud:'Life can be light, to treasure is to protect. '"His hobbies are almost insane.

Seclusion

Old Song Dynasty died without official service, and lived in seclusion in Guangchen (now north of Guangchen Town, Pinghu City). When the county commander visited, Meng Jian flew away in a boat. The County commander sighed, "Famous, invisible." From his brother Mengfu, who died in Song Dynasty and became an official in Yuan Dynasty, and from Huzhou, he refused to accept his visit behind closed doors. "Luchuan Zhuzhi Ci" in "Zigu Seeing His Brothers Poetry" cloud: "Nandu Wang Sun this seclusion, heel door noble passengers in vain parking. At that time, my brother-in-law still refused, and the seat was dirty. "With Tao Juyin, Yin Cheng and known as" Xiuzhou Sanyi ". According to the textual research of modern scholars, Zhao Mengjian died more than 10 years before the death of the Song Dynasty. It is not true that the so-called Song Dynasty died without official service and refused to see Zhao Mengfu.

Document record

Anecdotes of Song Dynasty Collection contains: Zhao Mengjian was reluctant to enter the Yuan Dynasty and lived in Guangchen Town, a hermit Prefecture (ancient Haiyan County, now North of Guangchen Town, Pinghu City). "Gong (Zhao Mengjian) visited Gong from disciple Ang (Zhao Mengfu) and refused to accept it. My wife advised him to enter through the back door. Sitting down, he asked,'Has Li Ze of Qishan been doing well recently?'Zi Ang said,'Jia. 'Gong said,'What's the best thing about Mount Denai?'Zi Ang retreated and made people sit in his seat. "

Guangxu Shimen County Chronicle contains: after the death of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengjian lived in seclusion in Guangchen Town. In his later years, he moved to Yuxi (today's Tongxiang County) where his son was disturbed by the Yuan clan. Zhao has two sons: Zhao Yugong, Zhao Yujing and Sun Zhao Wenjia.